Instituto de Sociología & Departamento de Salud Pública, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Millennium Nucleus for the Study of the Life Course and Vulnerability (MLIV), Santiago, Chile.
Res Aging. 2019 Dec;41(10):961-987. doi: 10.1177/0164027519874687.
The success of private pension systems to provide old-age security is mainly a function of continuous individual pension contributions linked to formal employment. Using a rich longitudinal dataset from Chile and employing sequence analysis, this study examines the pension contribution histories and formal employment pathways of a cohort of individuals who began their working lives simultaneously to the introduction of the Chilean private pension system in the early 1980s, which pioneered private-oriented pension reforms worldwide. Results show that more than half of the individuals from this cohort developed labor-force trajectories inconsistent with continuous pension contributions and formal employment, which particularly affects women and lower educated people. We conclude that policy and decision makers focused on aging topics should be aware of the increasing diversity and precariousness of labor-force trajectories when evaluating the performance and sustainability of both private and public pension regimes.
私人养老金制度在提供老年保障方面的成功，主要取决于与正规就业相联系的持续个人养老金供款。本研究利用智利丰富的纵向数据集，并采用序列分析，考察了 1980 年代初智利私人养老金制度引入时同时开始职业生涯的一代人的养老金缴款历史和正规就业途径，该制度在全球范围内率先进行了以私人为导向的养老金改革。结果表明，该队列中有一半以上的人发展出与持续养老金供款和正规就业不一致的劳动力轨迹，这尤其影响到女性和受教育程度较低的人。我们的结论是，关注老龄化问题的政策制定者和决策者在评估私人和公共养老金制度的绩效和可持续性时，应该意识到劳动力轨迹的多样性和不稳定性日益增加。
