Wageningen Livestock Research, De Elst 1, NL-6708 WD, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Poult Sci. 2019 Dec 1;98(12):6618-6625. doi: 10.3382/ps/pez508.
This study determined the effects of different dietary crude protein (CP) levels on ammonia emission (NH3), litter and manure composition, nitrogen (N) losses, and water intake in broiler breeders. A total of 480 females and 64 males (Ross 308) 20 wk of age were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments with 8 replicates of 30 females and 4 males per replicate. Birds were fed either high CP (CPh) or low CP diets (CPl) supplemented with free amino acids (AA). Both diets consisted of 3 sub-diets; 1 for each phase of the laying period. Diets were formulated to be iso-caloric and calculated CP content of the CPl diets was 15 g/kg lower than the CPh diets (Breeder 1 (23 to 34 wk): 135 vs. 150, Breeder 2 (35 to 46 wk): 125 vs. 140 and Breeder 3 (47 to 60 wk of age): 115 vs. 130 g/kg, respectively). Pens consisted of an elevated slatted floor (25% of the floor surface) and a litter floor. Water and feed intake were recorded daily. Litter (floor) and manure (below slatted floor) composition and ammonia concentration were measured at 34, 44, and 54 wk of age. Ammonia concentration was measured using a flux chamber on top of the litter or manure. Estimated N losses were calculated. Dietary protein level did not affect water intake and dry matter (DM) content of the litter or manure. Compared to birds fed the CPh diets, the litter and manure samples of broiler breeders fed the CPl had 8% lower total-N and 13% lower ammonia-N content resulting in a 9% lower ammonia concentration, 9% lower ammonia emission, and 11% lower total-N losses. In conclusion, this study shows that reducing CP level in the diet of broiler breeders reduces ammonia emission and total N-losses from litter and manure.
本研究旨在确定不同日粮粗蛋白（CP）水平对种母鸡的氨气排放（NH3）、垫料和粪便成分、氮（N）损失和饮水量的影响。共有 480 只母鸡和 64 只公鸡（罗斯 308），20 周龄时随机分为 2 种日粮处理组，每组 8 个重复，每个重复 30 只母鸡和 4 只公鸡。鸡群分别饲喂高 CP（CPh）或低 CP 日粮（CPl），并添加游离氨基酸（AA）。两种日粮均由 3 种亚日粮组成；其中一种用于产蛋期的每个阶段。日粮的能量保持一致，CPl 日粮的 CP 含量比 CPh 日粮低 15g/kg（育雏期 1（23 至 34 周）：135 比 150，育雏期 2（35 至 46 周）：125 比 140，育雏期 3（47 至 60 周龄）：115 比 130g/kg）。鸡舍由架空的格栅地板（地板面积的 25%）和垫料地板组成。每天记录水和饲料的摄入量。34、44 和 54 周龄时，测量垫料（地板）和粪便（格栅地板下）的组成和氨浓度。使用在垫料或粪便上方的通量室测量氨浓度。计算估计的 N 损失。日粮蛋白水平不影响鸡群的饮水量和垫料或粪便的干物质（DM）含量。与饲喂 CPh 日粮的鸡群相比，饲喂 CPl 日粮的种母鸡的垫料和粪便样本总氮（TN）含量低 8%，氨氮（NH3-N）含量低 13%，导致氨浓度低 9%，氨气排放低 9%，总氮损失低 11%。综上所述，本研究表明，降低种母鸡日粮中的 CP 水平可减少氨气排放和垫料及粪便中的总 N 损失。
