Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Muenzinger D244, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80302, USA.
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Muenzinger D244, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80302, USA.
Nat Commun. 2019 Sep 10;10(1):4096. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11934-y.
Information about others' experiences can strongly influence our own feelings and decisions. But how does such social information affect the neural generation of affective experience, and are the brain mechanisms involved distinct from those that mediate other types of expectation effects? Here, we used fMRI to dissociate the brain mediators of social influence and associative learning effects on pain. Participants viewed symbolic depictions of other participants' pain ratings (social information) and classically conditioned pain-predictive cues before experiencing painful heat. Social information and conditioned stimuli each had significant effects on pain ratings, and both effects were mediated by self-reported expectations. Yet, these effects were mediated by largely separable brain activity patterns, involving different large-scale functional networks. These results show that learned versus socially instructed expectations modulate pain via partially different mechanisms-a distinction that should be accounted for by theories of predictive coding and related top-down influences.
他人经历的相关信息会强烈影响我们自身的感受和决策。但是，这种社会信息是如何影响情感体验的神经产生的，而涉及的大脑机制是否与介导其他类型的预期效应的机制不同？在这里，我们使用 fMRI 来区分社会影响和联想学习效应对疼痛的大脑中介。参与者在体验热痛之前，会看到其他参与者疼痛评分的符号表示（社会信息）和经典条件化的疼痛预测线索。社会信息和条件刺激都对疼痛评分有显著影响，并且这两种影响都通过自我报告的预期来介导。然而，这些影响是由在很大程度上可分离的大脑活动模式介导的，涉及不同的大规模功能网络。这些结果表明，学习到的和社会指导的预期通过部分不同的机制来调节疼痛——这一区别应该由预测编码理论和相关的自上而下的影响来解释。
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