Akpa Onoja Matthew, Okekunle Akinkunmi Paul
Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan 200284 Ibadan Nigeria.
The Postgraduate College, University of Ibadan, 200284 Ibadan Nigeria.
Afr J Psychol Study Soc Issues. 2019;22(2):36-50.
To assess whether Substance Use (SU) is associated with Psychosocial Function (PF) among adolescent.
Using a self-administered validated instrument, we obtained information on demographic, SU (defined as self-reported affirmative use of one or more of any form of alcoholic drinks, cigarettes, hemps etc) and PF [using the adolescent psychosocial functioning inventory comprising of three subscales; optimism and coping strategies (OCS), behaviour and relationship problems (BRP) and general psychosocial dysfunction designed (GPD)] among 2272 apparently healthy adolescents. PF was categorized as 'elevated' if the psychosocial functioning index (PFI) score were >75th percentile, otherwise, 'not elevated' and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to compute odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of SU for elevated PF risk. In addition, we applied Johnson Neyman (JN) technique to identifying the JN significance regions at which age moderated the SU-PF relationship at a statistical significance of two-sided .
Prevalence of SU and elevated PF was 50.7% and 79.8% respectively. Prevalence of elevated PF differed insignificantly by sex, but the proportion of adolescent with elevated PFI on SU (82.6%) was significantly higher (<0.001) compared to those with elevated PFI but not on SU (76.9%). Multivariable-adjusted odds of decreased OCS risk given SU exposure was; OR (95%CI): 1.3791 (1.1458-1.6698), . Similarly, multivariable-adjusted odds of elevated PF risk in the light of SU exposure was; OR (95%CI): 1.4286 (1.1617-1.7567), . Furthermore, the JN significance regions for moderated regression analyses of odds of decreased OCS risk was between 10.4years [OR (95%CI): 0.5820 (0.1411-1.0228), ] and 16.7years [OR (95%CI): 0.3025 (0.0001-0.6050), ].
Adolescents on SU are about one and half times at risk of psychosocial dysfunction and age significantly attenuated the SU-decreased OCS risk link particularly in early adolescence.
评估青少年物质使用（SU）与心理社会功能（PF）之间是否存在关联。
我们使用一份经过验证的自填式问卷，收集了2272名表面健康的青少年的人口统计学信息、物质使用情况（定义为自我报告曾肯定使用过一种或多种任何形式的酒精饮料、香烟、大麻等）以及心理社会功能情况[使用青少年心理社会功能量表，该量表由三个子量表组成；乐观与应对策略（OCS）、行为与关系问题（BRP）以及一般心理社会功能障碍（GPD）]。如果心理社会功能指数（PFI）得分高于第75百分位数，则将心理社会功能归类为“升高”，否则为“未升高”，并使用多变量调整逻辑回归来计算物质使用导致心理社会功能升高风险的比值比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI）。此外，我们应用约翰逊 - 奈曼（JN）技术来确定JN显著区域，在该区域年龄对物质使用与心理社会功能关系的调节具有双侧统计学显著性。
物质使用和心理社会功能升高的患病率分别为50.7%和79.8%。心理社会功能升高的患病率在性别上差异不显著，但物质使用且心理社会功能指数升高的青少年比例（82.6%）显著高于（<0.001）心理社会功能指数升高但未使用物质的青少年比例（76.9%）。考虑物质使用暴露，多变量调整后OCS风险降低的比值比为：OR（95%CI）：1.3791（1.1458 - 1.6698）。同样，考虑物质使用暴露，多变量调整后心理社会功能升高风险的比值比为：OR（95%CI）：1.4286（1.1617 - 1.7567）。此外，OCS风险降低比值比的调节回归分析的JN显著区域在10.4岁[OR（95%CI）：0.5820（0.1411 - 1.0228）]和16.7岁[OR（95%CI）：0.3025（0.0001 - 0.6050）]之间。
使用物质的青少年出现心理社会功能障碍的风险约为常人的1.5倍，且年龄显著减弱了物质使用与OCS风险降低之间的联系，尤其是在青春期早期。
