School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA.
Boise State University, Boise, USA.
BMC Public Health. 2021 Nov 4;21(1):2000. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-12119-3.
Parental support (PS) and parental monitoring (PM) are known protective factors against adolescent substance use (SU). However, little is known about whether PS and PM may affect SU outcomes differently by gender and age. This study examined the relationship between PS and PM and adolescent SU, specifically alcohol and tobacco use, stratified by gender and age group.
Middle and high school students (n = 2351, 48.5% Female) completed surveys of self-reported SU, perceived PS and PM, and socioeconomic background. Age group was defined dichotomously as grade 7-8 Middle school and grade 9-10 High school students. PS and PM were each measured using previously validated tools. SU was measured by lifetime and past 30 days cigarette/alcohol use. One-way ANOVA and binary logistic regression models were completed. Odds ratios and means were reported.
PS and PM were significantly and negatively related to all outcome variables regardless of gender and age group. Mean differences in PS and PM were insignificant between age groups. Between genders, PM scores were significantly higher for girls (14.05) compared to boys (13.48) (p < 0.01). Odds Ratios of all four SU types (for alcohol and tobacco use) increased with higher age group, with ORs ranging from 1.45-2.61 (p < .05).
PS and PM were protective against SU for all participants, consistent with previous literature. Girls reported greater parental monitoring than boys, irrespective of age-group. While girls experienced higher levels of monitoring, they did not report lower SU than boys. This suggests that monitoring girls more closely than boys appears unnecessary in preventing adolescent SU. Finally, PS was a more significant factor in preventing SU for older adolescents (high school aged group) than for younger adolescents, irrespective of gender suggesting that PS may be more impactful and important as adolescents age. As children mature, particularly from middle school to high school, PS may play a larger role in preventing SU for older adolescents compared to younger ones.
父母支持（PS）和父母监督（PM）是预防青少年物质使用（SU）的已知保护因素。然而，对于 PS 和 PM 是否可能通过性别和年龄的不同而对 SU 结果产生不同的影响，我们知之甚少。本研究通过性别和年龄组对 PS 和 PM 与青少年 SU（特别是酒精和烟草使用）的关系进行了研究。
中学生和高中生（n=2351，女性占 48.5%）完成了自我报告的 SU、感知 PS 和 PM 以及社会经济背景的调查。年龄组定义为初中 7-8 年级和高中 9-10 年级学生的二分法。PS 和 PM 均使用先前验证的工具进行测量。SU 通过终生和过去 30 天的香烟/酒精使用情况来衡量。完成了单因素方差分析和二元逻辑回归模型。报告了比值比和平均值。
无论性别和年龄组如何，PS 和 PM 与所有结果变量均呈显著负相关。年龄组之间 PS 和 PM 的均值差异无统计学意义。在性别方面，女孩（14.05）的 PM 得分明显高于男孩（13.48）（p<0.01）。所有四种 SU 类型（酒精和烟草使用）的 OR 均随年龄组的增加而增加，OR 范围从 1.45-2.61（p<0.05）。
PS 和 PM 对所有参与者的 SU 均具有保护作用，这与先前的文献一致。女孩报告的父母监督比男孩多，而与年龄组无关。尽管女孩受到的监督更多，但她们的 SU 报告并不比男孩低。这表明，与男孩相比，对女孩进行更密切的监督似乎对于预防青少年 SU 没有必要。最后，PS 是预防 SU 的一个更重要的因素，对于年龄较大的青少年（高中年龄组）比年龄较小的青少年更为重要，而与性别无关，这表明随着青少年的成长，PS 可能在预防年龄较大的青少年的 SU 方面发挥更大的作用。随着孩子的成熟，特别是从中学生到高中生，与年龄较小的青少年相比，PS 可能在预防年龄较大的青少年的 SU 方面发挥更大的作用。
