Departments of Psychiatry and Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, 00936, Puerto Rico; Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506 United States.
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, United States.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2019 Dec;107:229-237. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.010. Epub 2019 Sep 8.
Traditional active avoidance tasks have advanced the field of aversive learning and memory for decades and are useful for studying simple avoidance responses in isolation; however, these tasks have limited clinical relevance because they do not model several key features of clinical avoidance. In contrast, platform-mediated avoidance (PMA) more closely resembles clinical avoidance because the response i) is associated with an unambiguous safe location, ii) is not associated with an artificial termination of the warning signal, and iii) is associated with a decision-based appetitive cost. Recent findings on the neuronal circuits of PMA have confirmed that amygdala-striatal circuits are essential for avoidance. In PMA, however, the prelimbic cortex facilitates the avoidance response early during the warning signal, perhaps through disinhibition of the striatum. Future studies on avoidance should account for additional factors such as sex differences and social interactions that will advance our understanding of maladaptive avoidance contributing to neuropsychiatric disorders.
传统的主动回避任务推动了厌恶学习和记忆领域的发展，数十年来，这些任务对于研究简单的回避反应非常有用；然而，由于这些任务不能模拟临床回避的几个关键特征，因此与临床相关性有限。相比之下，平台介导的回避（platform-mediated avoidance，PMA）更类似于临床回避，因为反应：i）与明确的安全位置相关，ii）与警告信号的人为终止无关，iii）与基于决策的奖赏成本相关。最近关于 PMA 的神经元回路的研究结果证实，杏仁核-纹状体回路对于回避是必不可少的。然而，在 PMA 中，前额叶皮层在警告信号早期促进回避反应，可能是通过抑制纹状体。未来关于回避的研究应该考虑到其他因素，如性别差异和社会互动，这将有助于我们理解导致神经精神障碍的适应不良回避。
