Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
Nutrients. 2019 Sep 10;11(9):2164. doi: 10.3390/nu11092164.
The alteration of white adipose tissue (WAT) "browning", a change of white into beige fat, has been considered as a new therapeutic strategy to treat obesity. In this study, we investigated the browning effect of black raspberry ( Miquel) using in vitro and in vivo models. Black raspberry water extract (BRWE) treatment inhibited lipid accumulation in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and zebrafish. To evaluate the thermogenic activity, BRWE was orally administered for 2 weeks, and then, the mice were placed in a 4 °C environment. As a result, BRWE treatment increased rectal temperature and inguinal WAT (iWAT) thermogenesis by inducing the expression of beige fat specific markers such as PR domain zinc-finger protein 16 (PRDM16), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α), and t-box protein 1 (TBX1) in cold-exposed mice. Furthermore, ellagic acid (EA), a constituent of BRWE, markedly promoted beige specific markers: UCP1, PGC1α, TBX1, and nuclear respiratory factor 1 in beige differentiation media (DM)-induced 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our findings indicate that BRWE can promote beige differentiation/activation, and EA is the active compound responsible for such effect. Thus, we suggest the nature-derived agents BRWE and EA as potential agents for obesity treatment.
白色脂肪组织（WAT）的“褐变”改变，即白色脂肪转变为米色脂肪，被认为是治疗肥胖的一种新的治疗策略。在这项研究中，我们使用体外和体内模型研究了黑树莓（Miquel）的褐变效应。黑树莓水提取物（BRWE）处理抑制了人间充质干细胞（hMSCs）和斑马鱼中的脂质积累。为了评估产热活性，BRWE 经口给予 2 周，然后将小鼠置于 4°C 环境中。结果，BRWE 处理通过诱导米色脂肪特异性标志物如 PR 结构域锌指蛋白 16（PRDM16）、解偶联蛋白 1（UCP1）、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子 1-α（PGC1α）和 T 框蛋白 1（TBX1）的表达，增加了直肠温度和腹股沟白色脂肪组织（iWAT）的产热。此外，BRWE 的成分鞣花酸（EA）显著促进了米色特异性标志物：UCP1、PGC1α、TBX1 和核呼吸因子 1 在米色分化培养基（DM）诱导的 3T3-L1 脂肪细胞中的表达。我们的研究结果表明，BRWE 可以促进米色分化/激活，而 EA 是负责这种作用的活性化合物。因此，我们建议将天然来源的 BRWE 和 EA 作为肥胖治疗的潜在药物。
