Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , PA , USA.
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , NY , USA.
Cogn Neuropsychol. 2019 May-Jun;36(3-4):97-102. doi: 10.1080/02643294.2019.1630375.
Direct electrical stimulation (DES) is a well-established clinical tool for mapping cognitive functions while patients are undergoing awake neurosurgery or invasive long-term monitoring to identify epileptogenic tissue. Despite the proliferation of a range of invasive and noninvasive methods for mapping sensory, motor and cognitive processes in the human brain, DES remains the clinical gold standard for establishing the margins of brain tissue that can be safely removed while avoiding long-term neurological deficits. In parallel, and principally over the last two decades, DES has emerged as a powerful scientific tool for testing hypotheses of brain organization and mechanistic hypotheses of cognitive function. DES can cause transient "lesions" and thus can support causal inferences about the necessity of stimulated brain regions for specific functions, as well as the separability of sensory, motor and cognitive processes. This Special Issue of emphasizes the use of DES as a research tool to advance understanding of normal brain organization and function.
直接电刺激（DES）是一种成熟的临床工具，可在患者接受清醒开颅手术或侵入性长期监测以识别致痫组织时，用于绘制认知功能图谱。尽管有一系列用于绘制人类大脑感觉、运动和认知过程的侵入性和非侵入性方法，但 DES 仍然是确定可以安全切除的脑组织边界的临床金标准，同时避免长期神经功能缺陷。与此同时，主要是在过去二十年中，DES 已成为测试大脑组织假设和认知功能机制假设的强大科学工具。DES 可以引起短暂的“损伤”，因此可以支持关于刺激大脑区域对特定功能的必要性以及感觉、运动和认知过程的可分离性的因果推论。本期特刊强调了将 DES 用作研究工具，以推进对正常大脑组织和功能的理解。
