Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Dec;30(12):944-958. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.08.007. Epub 2019 Sep 11.
'What doesn't kill you makes you stronger'. Hormesis, the paradoxical beneficial effects of low-dose stressors, can be better defined as the biphasic dose-effect or time-effect relationship for any substance. Here we review hormesis-like phenomena in the context of chronic diseases for many substances, including lifestyle factors and endocrine factors. Intermittent or pulsatile exposure can generate opposite effects compared with continuous exposure. An initial exposure can elicit an adaptive stress response with long-lasting protection against subsequent exposures. Early-life stress can increase resilience in later life and lack of stress can lead to vulnerability. Many stressors are naturally occurring and are required for healthy growth or homeostasis, which exemplifies how 'illness is the doorway to health'.
'杀不死你的会让你更强大'。适应原效应，即低剂量应激源的矛盾性有益作用，可以更好地定义为任何物质的双峰剂量效应或时-效关系。在这里，我们综述了许多物质（包括生活方式因素和内分泌因素）的慢性疾病中的适应原样现象。间歇性或脉冲式暴露与连续暴露相比会产生相反的效果。初始暴露会引发适应性应激反应，从而对后续暴露产生持久的保护作用。生命早期的应激可以增加生命后期的适应能力，而缺乏应激则会导致脆弱性。许多应激源是自然发生的，是健康生长或体内平衡所必需的，这充分说明了“疾病是通向健康的大门”这一道理。
