Infectious Disease Section, Specialty Medicine Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2019 Sep;9(3):147-152. doi: 10.2991/jegh.k.190705.001.
Each year millions of pilgrims perform the annual Hajj from more than 180 countries around the world. This is one of the largest mass gathering events and may result in the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases. As such, there are mandatory vaccinations for the pilgrims such as meningococcal vaccines. The 2019 annual Hajj will take place during August 8-13, 2019. Thus, we review the recommended and mandated vaccinations for the 2019 Hajj and Umrah. The mandatory vaccines required to secure the visa include the quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine for all pilgrims, while yellow fever, and poliomyelitis vaccines are required for pilgrims coming from countries endemic or with disease activity. The recommended vaccines are influenza, pneumococcal, in addition to full compliance with basic vaccines for all pilgrims against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, measles, and mumps. It is imperative to continue surveillance for the spread of antimicrobial resistance and occurrence of all infectious diseases causing outbreaks across the globe in the last year, like Zika virus, MDR-Typhoid, Nipah, Ebola, cholera, chikungunya and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.
每年都有来自全球 180 多个国家的数百万朝圣者参加一年一度的朝觐。这是世界上最大的群众集会之一，可能导致传染病的发生和传播。因此，朝圣者需要强制接种疫苗，如脑膜炎球菌疫苗。2019 年的年度朝觐将于 2019 年 8 月 8 日至 13 日举行。因此，我们回顾了 2019 年朝觐和 Umrah 的推荐和强制接种疫苗。为确保签证安全，强制接种的疫苗包括所有朝圣者的四价脑膜炎球菌疫苗，而来自流行地区或有疾病活动的国家的朝圣者需要接种黄热病和脊髓灰质炎疫苗。推荐的疫苗包括流感、肺炎球菌疫苗，此外，所有朝圣者都必须完全遵守针对白喉、破伤风、百日咳、脊髓灰质炎、麻疹和腮腺炎的基本疫苗。至关重要的是，要继续监测全球范围内过去一年中抗生素耐药性的传播和所有导致暴发的传染病，如寨卡病毒、耐多药伤寒、尼帕病毒、埃博拉病毒、霍乱、基孔肯雅热和中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒。
