Africa Disease Intelligence and Surveillance and Response Institute, Yaoundé, Cameroon; School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Microbiology Unit, Public Health Pests Laboratory, Jeddah Governate, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Biochemical Genetic Unit, Medical Genetics Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
J Infect Public Health. 2020 May;13(5):674-678. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.01.313. Epub 2020 Apr 4.
Increasing emergence and spread of Nipah, ZIKV and Ebola case and potential outbreaks threats have been reported in several regions around the globe. Yet, emerging Nipah, Ebola and Zika viral diseases outbreaks have been indirectly linked to substantially globalization of trade and travel, climate change and intense urbanization impact, healthcare and socioeconomic inequities as well in affected community settings. Although no case has been documented in Saudi Arabia, there is a great risk of sudden emergence of any of these viruses and others via introducing among pilgrims coming from endemic regions during ritual ceremonies of mass gatherings. Consequently, promoting and investing on new and sensitive proven effective and innovative surveillance and monitoring approaches, including enhanced risk communication, improved integrated vectors surveillance in addition to improved sustainable highly pathogens surveillance control programs to human motility and environmental sanitation strategies all represent 'One Health' approach implementation strategic core. Initiation, development and implementation leaded by Saudi government and international stakeholders' of new partnership, coordinated response leadership and resource mobilization for multidisciplinary and intersectorial advocacy on emerging viral disease outbreaks, accompanied with R&D roadmap and taskforce is crucial. More efforts in epidemiological and laboratory early screening and surveillance of highly pathogenic germs/microbes, and confirmation of asymptomatic and syndromic cases amongst suspected Hajj and Umrah pilgrims, local vulnerable populations and expatriate workers is vital in generating reliable data and data sharing platform for timely risk communication and tourist information update, appropriate immunization campaigns or safe and efficacious care delivery implementation. Moreover, increase Hajj/Umrah mass gathering emergency outbreak preparedness, pilgrims health education and engagement outreach, pre-, during and post programs coverage and effectiveness is needed through One Health approach integration in attaining pilgrims and local population health safety and security, in advancing Saudi sustainable health development goals.
在全球多个地区，已报告出现了尼帕病毒、寨卡病毒和埃博拉病毒病例，并存在潜在暴发的威胁。然而，新出现的尼帕病毒、埃博拉病毒和寨卡病毒疾病暴发与贸易和旅行的全球化、气候变化和城市化的影响、医疗保健和社会经济不平等以及受影响社区环境等因素间接相关。尽管沙特阿拉伯尚未记录到病例，但由于来自流行地区的朝圣者在大型集会仪式期间入境，这些病毒以及其他病毒突然出现的风险很大。因此，推广和投资新的、敏感的、经过验证的有效和创新的监测和监测方法，包括加强风险沟通、改进综合病媒监测以及改善针对人类流动性和环境卫生战略的高病原体监测控制计划，都代表着“同一健康”方法实施的战略核心。由沙特政府和国际利益相关者发起、制定和实施新的伙伴关系，协调应对领导和资源调动，以多学科和跨部门的方式倡导应对新出现的病毒性疾病暴发，同时制定研发路线图和工作组，这是至关重要的。在流行病学和实验室方面进行早期筛查和监测高致病性细菌/微生物，以及在疑似朝觐和副朝的朝圣者、当地脆弱人群和外籍工人中确认无症状和综合征病例，对于生成可靠数据和数据共享平台以进行及时的风险沟通和旅游信息更新、实施适当的免疫接种运动或安全有效的护理服务至关重要。此外，需要通过整合“同一健康”方法来增加朝觐/副朝大型集会的应急准备、朝圣者健康教育和参与外展、方案的前期、期间和后期覆盖范围和效果，以实现朝圣者和当地人口的健康安全保障，推进沙特可持续健康发展目标。
