Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
FEBS Lett. 2019 Oct;593(20):2817-2839. doi: 10.1002/1873-3468.13608. Epub 2019 Sep 27.
The shift between a proliferating and a nonproliferating state is associated with significant changes in metabolic needs. Proliferating cells tend to have higher metabolic rates, and their metabolic profiles facilitate biosynthesis, as compared to those of nondividing cells of the same sort. Recent studies have elucidated specific molecules that control metabolic changes while cells shift between proliferation and quiescence. Embryonic stem cells, which are rapidly proliferating, tend to have metabolic patterns that are similar to those of nonstem cells in a proliferative state. Moreover, although adult stem cells tend to be quiescent, their metabolic profiles have been reported in multiple organs to more closely resemble those of proliferating than those of nondividing cells in some respects. The findings raise questions about whether there are metabolic profiles that are required for stemness, and whether these profiles relate to the metabolic properties that may be required for quiescence. Here, we review the literature on how metabolism changes upon commitment to proliferation and compare the proliferating and nonproliferating metabolic states of differentiated cells and embryonic and adult stem cells.
细胞由增殖状态向非增殖状态的转变与代谢需求的显著变化有关。与同类型的非分裂细胞相比，增殖细胞往往具有更高的代谢率，其代谢特征有利于生物合成。最近的研究阐明了特定的分子，这些分子在细胞增殖和静止之间转换时控制代谢变化。快速增殖的胚胎干细胞往往具有与增殖状态下的非干细胞相似的代谢模式。此外，尽管成体干细胞通常处于静止状态，但在多个器官中已经报道了它们的代谢特征在某些方面更类似于增殖细胞而不是非分裂细胞。这些发现提出了这样的问题，即是否存在维持干细胞特性所需的代谢特征，以及这些特征是否与静止所需的代谢特性有关。在这里，我们综述了关于细胞向增殖状态转变时代谢变化的文献，并比较了分化细胞、胚胎干细胞和成体干细胞的增殖和非增殖代谢状态。
