Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
J Cell Sci. 2012 Dec 1;125(Pt 23):5597-608. doi: 10.1242/jcs.114827.
Metabolism is influenced by age, food intake, and conditions such as diabetes and obesity. How do physiological or pathological metabolic changes influence stem cells, which are crucial for tissue homeostasis? This Commentary reviews recent evidence that stem cells have different metabolic demands than differentiated cells, and that the molecular mechanisms that control stem cell self-renewal and differentiation are functionally connected to the metabolic state of the cell and the surrounding stem cell niche. Furthermore, we present how energy-sensing signaling molecules and metabolism regulators are implicated in the regulation of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Finally, we discuss the emerging literature on the metabolism of induced pluripotent stem cells and how manipulating metabolic pathways might aid cellular reprogramming. Determining how energy metabolism regulates stem cell fate should shed light on the decline in tissue regeneration that occurs during aging and facilitate the development of therapies for degenerative or metabolic diseases.
新陈代谢受年龄、饮食以及糖尿病和肥胖等疾病的影响。生理或病理代谢变化如何影响干细胞，干细胞对于组织稳态至关重要？本述评综述了最近的证据，表明干细胞比分化细胞有不同的代谢需求，并且控制干细胞自我更新和分化的分子机制与细胞的代谢状态以及周围的干细胞龛功能相关。此外，我们还介绍了能量感应信号分子和代谢调节剂如何参与干细胞自我更新和分化的调控。最后，我们讨论了诱导多能干细胞代谢的新兴文献，以及操纵代谢途径如何有助于细胞重编程。确定能量代谢如何调节干细胞命运，应该能够阐明衰老过程中组织再生能力下降的原因，并促进退行性或代谢性疾病治疗方法的发展。
