Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Geesthacht, 21502, Germany.
Environ Pollut. 2019 Dec;255(Pt 1):113161. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113161. Epub 2019 Sep 9.
In this study a target analysis approach with method detection limits down to 0.01 ng L was developed in order to determine ultra-trace pharmaceuticals in seawater of the German coast and their estuaries. The selection of target analytes based on a prioritisation commissioned by the German Environmental Agency considering occurrence in German surface waters, production volumes and ecotoxicological data. Using ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionisation source 21 prioritised pharmaceuticals out of seven therapeutical classes (antibiotics, iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM), analgesics, lipid reducers, antiepileptics, anticonvulsants, beta-blockers) have been detected in the low to medium ng L-range. The most frequently measured substance groups in the German Baltic Sea and German Bight are the ICM, represented by the non-ionic ICM iomeprol (German Bight: 207 ng L; Baltic Sea: 34.5 ng L) and the ionic ICM amidotrizoic acid (German Bight: 86.9 ng L), respectively. The same pattern of substance distribution could be detected in the German Bight, the German Baltic Sea and their inflows with lower concentrations in the offshore region that are partly a result of dilution with marine water. Pharmaceuticals entering the estuaries and coastal regions are an environmental issue since data on the ecotoxicological effects on aquatic marine organisms is limited. Especially the antibiotics clarithromycin and sulfamethoxazole could be ecotoxicologically/environmentally critical.
在这项研究中，开发了一种目标分析方法，其方法检测限低至 0.01ng/L，以便测定德国海岸及其河口的海水中的超痕量药物及其环境归宿。基于德国环境署委托的一项优先排序，选择目标分析物，考虑到在德国地表水、生产量和生态毒理学数据中的出现情况。使用超高效液相色谱与配备电喷雾电离源的三重四极杆质谱仪联用，从七个治疗类别（抗生素、碘造影剂（ICM）、镇痛药、降脂药、抗癫痫药、抗惊厥药、β-受体阻滞剂）中检测到 21 种优先药物，浓度范围在低至中 ng/L 之间。在德国波罗的海和德国北海中，最常测量的物质组是 ICM，由非离子型 ICM 碘海醇（德国北海：207ng/L；波罗的海：34.5ng/L）和离子型 ICM 氨碘肽酸（德国北海：86.9ng/L）组成。在德国北海和德国北海的入海口以及近海地区也可以检测到相同的物质分布模式，近海地区的浓度较低，这部分是由于与海水的稀释作用所致。进入河口和沿海地区的药物是一个环境问题，因为关于对水生海洋生物的生态毒理学影响的数据有限。特别是抗生素克拉霉素和磺胺甲恶唑可能具有生态毒理学/环境危害性。
