Environmental Risk Analysis, Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Kyoto University, KyotoDaigakuKatsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan; Shimadzu-UM Centre for Xenobiotic Studies (SUCXeS), Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Environmental Risk Analysis, Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Kyoto University, KyotoDaigakuKatsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2020 Jan;223(1):179-186. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.09.005. Epub 2019 Sep 18.
For decades, perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) have been commonly used for industrial and commercial purposes due to their water- and stain-resistant properties. Persistent pollutants that contain PFAAs have been associated with adverse health effects in humans, and many studies have documented dietary intake, indoor air inhalation, and dermal contact as the potential routes for human exposure to PFAAs. The aim of this study was to assess the level of PFAAs in the serum samples of a general population in a specific region in Malaysia. Using 219 serum samples collected from residents of Klang Valley, Malaysia, the levels of nine PFAAs were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, questionnaire surveys on the dietary habits and lifestyles of the subjects were conducted. The results showed that PFAA concentrations of up to 32.57 ng/mL were detected in all serum samples. In 82.6% of the participants, at least seven PFAAs were detected in the serum samples, with perfluorooctanesulfonic acid being the predominant PFAA (median = 8.79 ng/mL). In the adjusted regression model, the concentrations of most PFAAs were higher in men than in women and positively correlated with age, although body mass index and smoking were not significantly associated with the serum PFAA concentrations. Taking into consideration the lifestyle variables, significant associations were found between nonstick cookware and perfluorononanoic acid, between dental floss and cosmetics and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and between leather sofa and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA). Besides, consumption of beef was significantly associated with increased levels of serum PFUnDA, whereas consumption of lamb and chicken eggs was negatively associated with the serum levels of PFUnDA and PFDA, respectively.
几十年来，由于全氟烷基酸（PFAAs）具有防水和防污特性，因此被广泛用于工业和商业用途。含有 PFAAs 的持久性污染物与人类的不良健康影响有关，许多研究记录了饮食摄入、室内空气吸入和皮肤接触是人类接触 PFAAs 的潜在途径。本研究旨在评估马来西亚特定地区普通人群血清样本中 PFAAs 的水平。使用从马来西亚雪兰莪州居民中采集的 219 份血清样本，采用液相色谱-串联质谱法分析了 9 种 PFAAs 的水平。此外，还对受试者的饮食习惯和生活方式进行了问卷调查。结果表明，在所有血清样本中均检测到高达 32.57ng/mL 的 PFAAs 浓度。在 82.6%的参与者中，血清样本中至少检测到七种 PFAAs，其中全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）是主要的 PFAAs（中位数=8.79ng/mL）。在调整后的回归模型中，大多数 PFAAs 的浓度在男性中高于女性，且与年龄呈正相关，尽管体重指数和吸烟与血清 PFAAs 浓度无显著相关性。考虑到生活方式变量，不粘炊具与全氟壬酸（PFNA）之间、牙线与化妆品和全氟癸酸（PFDA）之间、皮革沙发与全氟十一酸（PFUnDA）之间存在显著关联。此外，牛肉的消费与血清 PFUnDA 水平的升高显著相关，而羊肉和鸡蛋的消费与血清 PFUnDA 和 PFDA 水平呈负相关。
