CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE and Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain.
European Commission, JRC Directorate F, Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi, 2749, I-21027, Ispra, VA, Italy.
Chemosphere. 2020 Jan;238:124588. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124588. Epub 2019 Aug 16.
Few works have addressed the effects provoked by the exposure to cadmium containing nanoparticles (NPs) on adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). We studied the effects of CdS NPs (5 nm) or ionic cadmium (10 μg Cd/L) after 3 and 21 d of exposure and at 6 months post-exposure (mpe). Acute toxicity was recorded after exposure to both forms of cadmium. Significant cadmium accumulation was measured in the whole fish after both treatments and autometallography showed a higher accumulation of metal in the intestine than that in the liver. Histopathological alterations, such as inflammation in gills and vacuolization in the liver, were detected after the exposure to both cadmium forms and, in a lower extent, at 6 mpe. X-ray analysis proved the presence of CdS NPs in these organs. The hepatic transcriptome analysis revealed that gene ontology terms such as "immune response" or "actin binding" were over-represented after 21 d of exposure to ionic cadmium respect to CdS NPs treatment. Exposure to CdS NPs caused a significant effect on pathways involved in the immune response and oxidative stress, while the exposure to ionic cadmium affected significantly pathways involved in DNA damage and repair and in the energetic metabolism. Oxidative damage to liver proteins was detected after the exposure to ionic cadmium, while a stronger destabilization of the hepatocyte lysosomal membrane was recorded under exposure to CdS NPs. In summary, although ionic cadmium provoked stronger effects than CdS NPs, both cadmium forms exerted an array of lethal and sublethal effects to zebrafish.
鲜有研究探讨暴露于含镉纳米粒子（NPs）对成年斑马鱼（Danio rerio）的影响。我们研究了 CdS NPs（5nm）或离子态镉（10μg Cd/L）在暴露 3 天和 21 天以及暴露后 6 个月（mpe）时的影响。两种形式的镉暴露后均记录了急性毒性。两种处理后，整条鱼中均检测到显著的镉积累，自动金属成像显示肠道中的金属积累高于肝脏。暴露于两种镉形式后，均检测到鳃组织炎症和肝脏空泡化等组织病理学改变，而在 mpe 时则程度较轻。X 射线分析证明这些器官中存在 CdS NPs。肝脏转录组分析显示，与 CdS NPs 处理相比，离子态镉暴露 21 天后，“免疫反应”或“肌动蛋白结合”等基因本体论术语过表达。暴露于 CdS NPs 会对参与免疫反应和氧化应激的途径产生显著影响，而暴露于离子态镉则会对涉及 DNA 损伤和修复以及能量代谢的途径产生显著影响。离子态镉暴露后检测到肝脏蛋白氧化损伤，而 CdS NPs 暴露后记录到更强的肝细胞溶酶体膜不稳定。总之，尽管离子态镉引起的影响比 CdS NPs 更强，但两种形式的镉均对斑马鱼产生了一系列致死和亚致死影响。
