Fierascu Radu Claudiu, Ortan Alina, Avramescu Sorin Marius, Fierascu Irina
National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM Bucharest, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 011464 Bucharest, Romania.
Molecules. 2019 Sep 20;24(19):3418. doi: 10.3390/molecules24193418.
Catalysis represents the cornerstone of chemistry, since catalytic processes are ubiquitous in almost all chemical processes developed for obtaining consumer goods. Nanocatalysis represents nowadays an innovative approach to obtain better properties for the catalysts: stable activity, good selectivity, easy to recover, and the possibility to be reused. Over the last few years, for the obtaining of new catalysts, classical methods-based on potential hazardous reagents-have been replaced with new methods emerged by replacing those reagents with plant extracts obtained in different conditions. Due to being diversified in morphology and chemical composition, these materials have different properties and applications, representing a promising area of research. In this context, the present review focuses on the metallic nanocatalysts' importance, different methods of synthesis with emphasis to the natural compounds used as support, characterization techniques, parameters involved in tailoring the composition, size and shape of nanoparticles and applications in catalysis. This review presents some examples of green nanocatalysts, grouped considering their nature (mono- and bi-metallic nanoparticles, metallic oxides, sulfides, chlorides, and other complex catalysts).
催化是化学的基石，因为催化过程几乎在所有用于生产消费品的化学过程中无处不在。如今，纳米催化是一种获得性能更优催化剂的创新方法：活性稳定、选择性好、易于回收且可重复使用。在过去几年中，为了制备新型催化剂，基于潜在危险试剂的传统方法已被新方法所取代，这些新方法通过用在不同条件下获得的植物提取物替代那些试剂而产生。由于这些材料在形态和化学成分上具有多样性，它们具有不同的性质和应用，代表了一个很有前景的研究领域。在此背景下，本综述重点关注金属纳米催化剂的重要性、不同的合成方法，尤其强调用作载体的天然化合物、表征技术、定制纳米颗粒组成、尺寸和形状所涉及的参数以及在催化中的应用。本综述给出了一些绿色纳米催化剂的实例，并根据其性质（单金属和双金属纳米颗粒、金属氧化物、硫化物、氯化物及其他复合催化剂）进行了分类。
