Egenvall Agneta, Clayton Hilary M, Eisersiö Marie, Roepstorff Lars, Byström Anna
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
Sport Horse Science, 3145 Sandhill Road, Mason, MI 48854, USA.
Animals (Basel). 2019 Sep 23;9(10):712. doi: 10.3390/ani9100712.
In dressage, the performance of transitions between gaits and halts is an integral part of riding sessions. The study aimed to evaluate rein tension before, during and after the transitions between different gaits and the transitions into halts. The kinematic (inertial measurement units) data for the head and croup, and rein tension data, were collected (128 Hz) from six professional riders each riding three of their own horses, training levels varying from basic to advanced, during normal training sessions. The activities were categorised into gaits, halts and transitions based on video evaluation. The transitions were categorised as without (type 1) or with (type 2) intermediate steps that are not normally present in the gaits preceding or following the transition. The differences in the median rein tension before/during/after transitions, between the types and left/right reins were analysed in mixed models. The rein tension just before the transition was the strongest determinant of tension during the transition. The rein tension was slightly lower during upward transitions compared to downward transitions, reflecting the pattern of the preceding gait. Type 1 and 2 downward transitions were not different regarding rein tension. The left rein tension was lower than right rein tension. The rein tension associated with the transitions and halts varied substantially between riders and horses. The generally strong association of the gaits and their inherent biomechanics with rein tension should be taken into account when riding transitions and halts.
在盛装舞步中，不同步伐之间的转换以及立定的表现是骑行训练的重要组成部分。本研究旨在评估不同步伐之间转换以及立定转换之前、期间和之后的缰绳张力。在正常训练期间，从六位职业骑手那里收集了头部和臀部的运动学（惯性测量单元）数据以及缰绳张力数据（128赫兹），每位骑手骑着自己的三匹马，训练水平从基础到高级不等。根据视频评估将活动分为步伐、立定和转换。转换被分为无（类型1）或有（类型2）中间步骤，这些中间步骤在转换前后的正常步伐中通常不存在。在混合模型中分析了转换之前/期间/之后、类型之间以及左右缰绳之间的中位缰绳张力差异。转换前的缰绳张力是转换期间张力的最强决定因素。与向下转换相比，向上转换期间的缰绳张力略低，这反映了先前步伐的模式。类型1和2的向下转换在缰绳张力方面没有差异。左缰绳张力低于右缰绳张力。与转换和立定相关的缰绳张力在骑手和马匹之间有很大差异。在进行转换和立定时，应考虑到步伐及其固有的生物力学与缰绳张力之间通常很强的关联。
