Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC 20001;
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Sep 24;116(39):19231-19236. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1913039116. Epub 2019 Sep 23.
Trust in science increases when scientists and the outlets certifying their work honor science's norms. Scientists often fail to signal to other scientists and, perhaps more importantly, the public that these norms are being upheld. They could do so as they generate, certify, and react to each other's findings: for example, by promoting the use and value of evidence, transparent reporting, self-correction, replication, a culture of critique, and controls for bias. A number of approaches for authors and journals would lead to more effective signals of trustworthiness at the article level. These include article badging, checklists, a more extensive withdrawal ontology, identity verification, better forward linking, and greater transparency.
当科学家和认证他们工作的渠道尊重科学规范时，人们对科学的信任就会增加。科学家们往往未能向其他科学家，也许更重要的是向公众发出信号，表明这些规范得到了维护。他们可以在生成、认证和对彼此的发现做出反应时这样做：例如，通过促进证据的使用和价值、透明报告、自我纠正、复制、批判文化以及控制偏差。一些针对作者和期刊的方法将在文章层面上更有效地发出值得信赖的信号。这些方法包括文章徽章、清单、更广泛的撤回本体、身份验证、更好的前向链接和更大的透明度。
