Chtena Natascha, Alperin Juan Pablo, Morales Esteban, Fleerackers Alice, Dorsch Isabelle, Pinfield Stephen, Simard Marc-André
School of Publishing, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Research Centre for Media and Journalism Studies, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
R Soc Open Sci. 2025 Apr 30;12(4):240857. doi: 10.1098/rsos.240857. eCollection 2025 Apr.
National, international and organizational Open Science (OS) policies are being formulated to improve and accelerate research through increased transparency, collaboration and better access to scientific knowledge. Yet, there is mounting concern that OS policies do not effectively capture the ethos of OS, and particularly its goal of making science more collaborative, inclusive and socially engaged. This study explores how OS is conceptualized in emerging OS policies and to what extent notions of equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI), as well as public participation are reflected in policy guidelines and recommendations. We use a qualitative document research approach to critically analyse 52 OS policy documents published between January 2020 and December 2022 in Europe and the Americas. Our results show that OS policies overwhelmingly focus on making research outputs publicly accessible, neglecting to advance the two aspects of OS that hold the key to achieving an equitable and inclusive scientific culture-namely, EDI and public participation. While these concepts are often mentioned and even embraced in OS policy documents, concrete guidance on how they can be promoted in practice is overwhelmingly lacking. Rather than advancing the openness of scientific findings first and promoting EDI and public participation efforts second, we argue that incentives and guidelines must be provided and implemented concurrently to advance the OS movement's stated goal of making science open to all.
国家、国际和组织层面的开放科学（OS）政策正在制定中，旨在通过提高透明度、促进合作以及更好地获取科学知识来改进和加速研究。然而，人们越来越担心开放科学政策未能有效地体现开放科学的精神，尤其是其让科学更具合作性、包容性和社会参与性的目标。本研究探讨了在新兴的开放科学政策中开放科学是如何被概念化的，以及公平、多样性和包容性（EDI）概念以及公众参与在政策指南和建议中得到体现的程度。我们采用定性文献研究方法，对2020年1月至2022年12月期间在欧洲和美洲发布的52份开放科学政策文件进行批判性分析。我们的研究结果表明，开放科学政策绝大多数都侧重于使研究成果能够公开获取，而忽略了推进开放科学的两个关键方面，即实现公平和包容的科学文化的关键——EDI和公众参与。虽然这些概念在开放科学政策文件中经常被提及甚至被采纳，但关于如何在实践中促进这些概念的具体指导却极为缺乏。我们认为，不应先推进科学发现的开放性，再促进EDI和公众参与，而必须同时提供并实施激励措施和指导方针，以推进开放科学运动宣称的让科学向所有人开放的目标。
