Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Infection and Immunity Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
mBio. 2019 Sep 24;10(5):e01205-19. doi: 10.1128/mBio.01205-19.
Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic dietary compounds found in many different plant-based foods. There is increasing evidence that higher flavonoid intake may be causally linked to a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases. The bioactivity and bioavailability of many dietary flavonoids can be influenced by gastrointestinal microbiome metabolism. However, the role that habitual flavonoid intake plays in shaping the human gut microbiome is poorly understood. We describe an application of an ecosystem-based analytic approach to nutritional, microbiome, and questionnaire data from a cohort of more than 240 generally healthy adult males to assess the role of dietary flavonoid compounds in driving patterns of microbial community assembly. We identified six subclass-specific microbial communities (SMCs) uniquely and independently associated with intakes of the six flavonoid subclasses. was positively associated with intakes of flavonol and flavanone, and was positively associated with intakes of flavonols and flavanol monomers. In contrast, for nearly all flavonoid subclasses, was inversely associated with subclass consumption. Consuming tea at least once per week explained 10.4% of the total variance in assembly of the 20 species comprising the flavanol monomer SMC. The novel methodology employed, necessitated by multidimensional microbiome data that consist of nonindependent features that exhibit a wide range of distributions and mean values, addresses a major challenge in our ability to understand associations of the microbiome in a wide range of clinical and epidemiologic settings. Dietary flavonoids, which have been implicated in lowering chronic disease risk and improving blood pressure, represent a diverse group of polyphenolic compounds found in many commonly consumed foods such as tea, red wine, apples, and berries. The bioactivity and bioavailability of more dietary flavonoids can be influenced by gastrointestinal microbiome metabolism. With demonstrated prebiotic and antimicrobial effects in and in animal models, it is surprising that there are not many human studies investigating the role dietary flavonoids play in shaping the gastrointestinal microbiome. Our analysis revealed patterns of community assembly that uniquely and independently characterize an individual's exposure to various flavonoid compounds. Furthermore, this study confirmed, independent from effects of other dietary and lifestyle factors included in the multivariate-adjusted model, that flavonoid intake is associated with microbial community assembly.
类黄酮是一组存在于许多不同植物性食物中的多酚类膳食化合物。越来越多的证据表明，较高的类黄酮摄入量可能与降低心血管疾病和其他慢性疾病的风险有关。许多膳食类黄酮的生物活性和生物利用度可受到胃肠道微生物组代谢的影响。然而，习惯性类黄酮摄入量在塑造人类肠道微生物组方面的作用还知之甚少。我们描述了一种基于生态系统的分析方法在营养、微生物组和超过 240 名一般健康成年男性队列的问卷调查数据中的应用，以评估膳食类黄酮化合物在驱动微生物群落组装模式中的作用。我们确定了六个亚类特异性微生物群落（SMCs），它们与六种类黄酮亚类的摄入量独特且独立相关。 与类黄酮醇和黄烷酮的摄入量呈正相关， 与类黄酮醇和黄烷醇单体的摄入量呈正相关。相比之下，对于几乎所有的类黄酮亚类， 与亚类消费呈负相关。每周至少喝一次茶可解释构成黄烷醇单体 SMC 的 20 个物种组装的总方差的 10.4%。所采用的新颖方法是必需的，因为多维微生物组数据由非独立特征组成，这些特征具有广泛的分布和平均值，这解决了我们在广泛的临床和流行病学环境中理解微生物组关联的能力的一个主要挑战。类黄酮已被认为可以降低慢性病风险和降低血压，它们是一组存在于许多常见食用食物中的多酚化合物，如茶、红酒、苹果和浆果。更多的膳食类黄酮的生物活性和生物利用度可受到胃肠道微生物组代谢的影响。由于在 和动物模型中具有明显的益生元和抗菌作用，令人惊讶的是，很少有研究调查膳食类黄酮在塑造胃肠道微生物组中的作用。我们的分析揭示了独特且独立地描述个体暴露于各种类黄酮化合物的群落组装模式。此外，这项研究从多元调整模型中包含的其他饮食和生活方式因素的影响中证实，类黄酮摄入量与微生物群落组装有关。
