School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australian, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
Nutr Res. 2019 Jan;61:64-81. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.10.006. Epub 2018 Oct 28.
Flavonoid consumption has reported health benefits such as reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors, improving endothelial function, and delaying age-related cognitive decline. However, there are little dietary intake data for Australians, which limit our ability to make dietary recommendations to increase intakes to a level where health benefits are seen. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the intake of flavonoids, flavonoid classes, and flavonoid subclasses of 1183 Australians aged 39 to 65 years using a validated 215-item food frequency questionnaire. Based on limited global flavonoid intake data, flavanols are the major dietary flavonoid and are found predominantly in tea and cocoa. As Australians are large tea drinkers, we anticipated that flavanols would be the major flavonoid in the Australian diet. The flavonoid content of foods was determined using a combination of the United States Department of Agriculture Databases and the Phenol-Explorer Database. One-way analysis of variance was undertaken to examine differences between flavonoid intake between men and women. Total flavonoid intake was 626 ± 579 mg/d. Men and women consumed 566 ± 559 mg and 660 ± 588 mg of total flavonoids per day, respectively. Thearubigin accounted for 58% of the flavonoid intake. Women consumed more total flavonoids, thearubigins (both P < .01), anthocyanidins (P < .0001), flavan-3-ols, flavones, and flavonols (all P < .05) than men, whereas men consumed more flavanones than women (P = .01). There was no difference between sexes for the consumption of isoflavones. The data indicated that flavan-3-ols, predominantly thearubigin from tea, were the main flavonoid consumed by Australians. This information contributes to population flavonoid intakes, which should be considered when exploring flavonoid and health relationships.
黄酮类化合物的摄入已被报道具有多种健康益处，如降低心血管疾病风险因素、改善内皮功能和延缓与年龄相关的认知能力下降。然而，澳大利亚人饮食中的黄酮类化合物摄入量数据很少，这限制了我们提出增加摄入量以达到健康益处水平的饮食建议的能力。本横断面研究的目的是使用经过验证的 215 项食物频率问卷，确定 1183 名年龄在 39 至 65 岁的澳大利亚人的黄酮类化合物、黄酮类化合物类别和黄酮类化合物亚类的摄入量。基于有限的全球黄酮类化合物摄入量数据，黄烷醇是主要的饮食类黄酮，主要存在于茶和可可中。由于澳大利亚人是大量的茶饮用者，我们预计黄烷醇将是澳大利亚饮食中的主要类黄酮。使用美国农业部数据库和 Phenol-Explorer 数据库的组合确定了食物中的类黄酮含量。采用单向方差分析来检验男性和女性之间黄酮类化合物摄入量的差异。总黄酮摄入量为 626±579mg/d。男性和女性每天分别消耗 566±559mg 和 660±588mg 的总黄酮。儿茶素占黄酮类化合物摄入量的 58%。女性摄入的总黄酮、儿茶素（均 P<.01）、花青素（P<.0001）、黄烷-3-醇、黄酮类、黄酮醇（均 P<.05）均高于男性，而男性摄入的黄烷酮多于女性（P=.01）。男女之间异黄酮的摄入量没有差异。数据表明，黄烷-3-醇，主要是来自茶的儿茶素，是澳大利亚人主要消耗的类黄酮。这些信息有助于了解人群中黄酮类化合物的摄入量，在探索黄酮类化合物与健康的关系时应考虑这一因素。
