National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique.
National Malaria Control Program, National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018 Sep 12;12(9):e0006692. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006692. eCollection 2018 Sep.
Aedes-borne arboviruses have emerged as an important public health problem worldwide and, in Mozambique, the number of cases and its geographical spread have been growing. However, information on the occurrence, distribution and ecology of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes remain poorly known in the country.
Between March and April 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 32 districts in Mozambique to determine the distribution and breeding sites of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Larvae and pupae were collected from a total of 2,807 water-holding containers using pipette, dipper, funnel and sweeping procedures, depending on the container type and location. Both outdoor and indoor water-holding containers were inspected. The immature forms were reared to adults and the identifications of the mosquito species was carried out with a stereomicroscope using a taxonomic key.
Aedes aegypti was found in every district sampled, while Ae. albopictus was only found in Moatize district, situated in Tete Province in the central part of the country. Six hundred and twenty-eight of 2,807 (22.4%) containers were positive for Ae. aegypti but only one (0.03%) was positive for Ae. albopictus. The Container Index (CI) of Aedes was highest in densely populated suburban areas of the central region (260/604; 43.0%), followed by suburban areas in northern areas (228/617; 36.9%) whilst the lowest proportion was found in urbanized southern areas (140/1586; 8.8%). The highest CI of Aedes was found in used tires (448/1268; 35.3%), cement tanks (20/62; 32.3%) and drums (21/95; 22.1%).
Data from our study showed that Ae. aegypti is present nation-wide, since it occurred in every sampled district, whilst Ae. albopictus had a limited distribution. Therefore, the risk of transmission of dengue and chikungunya is likely to have been underestimated in Mozambique. This study highlights the need for the establishment of a national entomological surveillance program for Aedes spp. in Mozambique in order to gain a better understanding about vector bionomics and to support the development of informed effective vector control strategies.
虫媒病毒已成为全球公共卫生的重要问题，在莫桑比克，病例数量及其地域分布呈增长趋势。然而，该国对埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊的发生、分布和生态学了解甚少。
2016 年 3 月至 4 月，在莫桑比克的 32 个地区进行了一项横断面研究，以确定埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊的分布和滋生地。使用吸移管、舀勺、漏斗和清扫程序从总共 2807 个蓄水容器中采集幼虫和蛹，具体方法取决于容器类型和位置。检查了户外和室内蓄水容器。将未成熟的形态饲养至成虫，并使用体视显微镜和分类学关键对蚊子种类进行鉴定。
在所采样的每个地区都发现了埃及伊蚊，而白纹伊蚊仅在莫桑比克中部太特省的莫泰兹地区发现。在 2807 个容器中有 628 个（22.4%）为埃及伊蚊阳性，但只有 1 个（0.03%）为白纹伊蚊阳性。埃及伊蚊的容器指数（CI）在中部人口稠密的郊区最高（260/604；43.0%），其次是北部郊区（228/617；36.9%），而城市化程度较高的南部地区最低（140/1586；8.8%）。在使用过的轮胎（448/1268；35.3%）、水泥罐（20/62；32.3%）和桶（21/95；22.1%）中发现的埃及伊蚊 CI 最高。
本研究数据表明，埃及伊蚊在全国范围内存在，因为它出现在所有采样的地区，而白纹伊蚊的分布有限。因此，莫桑比克登革热和基孔肯雅热的传播风险可能被低估了。本研究强调了在莫桑比克建立全国埃及伊蚊病媒监测计划的必要性，以便更好地了解病媒生物学，并支持制定明智有效的病媒控制策略。
