The Laboratory for Affect Cognition and Regulation (ACRLAB), Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education (SWU), Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
The Laboratory for Affect Cognition and Regulation (ACRLAB), Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education (SWU), Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2019 Dec;107:461-472. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.035. Epub 2019 Sep 23.
Emotional bias, which describes human's asymmetric processing of emotional stimuli, consists of negativity bias (Increased response to negative over positive stimuli) and positivity offset (the reversed phenomenon). Previous studies suggest that stimulus arousal (high/low), stimulus type (scenic/verbal), cultural background (Eastern/Western), and task setting (explicit/implicit) may modulate emotional bias, but with inconclusive findings. To address how the profile of emotional bias varies with these factors, a meta-analysis of emotional P3 event-related potential amplitudes was performed. Forty-nine effect sizes from 38 studies involving 1263 subjects were calculated using Hedges'g. The results highlight significant moderators of arousal, stimulus type, and task setting. Specifically, high-arousal stimuli enhance negativity bias relative to low-arousal stimuli; scenic stimulus leads to a negativity bias while verbal stimulus is linked with a positivity offset; explicit emotion tasks lead to negativity bias, whereas implicit emotion tasks do not exhibit emotional bias. These results indicate that emotional bias is labile depending on stimulus arousal, stimulus type and task setting. The implication of these findings for emotion regulation is discussed.
情绪偏差描述了人类对情绪刺激的不对称处理，包括负性偏差（对负性刺激的反应增强，而对正性刺激的反应减弱）和正性偏移（相反的现象）。先前的研究表明，刺激唤醒（高/低）、刺激类型（场景/言语）、文化背景（东方/西方）和任务设置（外显/内隐）可能调节情绪偏差，但结果不一致。为了研究情绪偏差的特征如何随这些因素而变化，我们对情绪 P3 事件相关电位幅度进行了元分析。使用 Hedges'g 计算了 38 项研究中涉及 1263 名被试的 49 个效应量。结果突出了唤醒、刺激类型和任务设置的显著调节因素。具体来说，高唤醒刺激相对于低唤醒刺激增强了负性偏差；场景刺激导致负性偏差，而言语刺激则与正性偏移有关；外显情绪任务导致负性偏差，而内隐情绪任务则没有表现出情绪偏差。这些结果表明，情绪偏差是不稳定的，取决于刺激唤醒、刺激类型和任务设置。讨论了这些发现对情绪调节的意义。
