Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile.
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Sep 27;16(19):3640. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16193640.
Aging and longevity are important topics nowadays. To describe how older adults perform the occupational adaptation process in the extreme region of Magallanes (Chile), and to identify the factors that might contribute to successful occupational adaptation and well-being. Qualitative study, with a phenomenological interpretative approach. In-depth interviews were carried out with 16 older adults, with high or low levels of well-being, assessed with the Ryff Scale. An inductive content analysis according to Elo and Kyngäs was performed. Resilience, self-esteem and interdependence with significant others are key elements that promote well-being. Participants develop strategies to minimize the effects of environmental factors. The occupation's function in terms of socialization, use of time, and social participation is revealed as a conditioning factor of occupational adaptation. Interventions with older people to achieve a successful occupational adaptation process must take into consideration the commitment to meaningful activities.
老龄化和长寿是当今的重要话题。本研究旨在描述老年人群体在麦哲伦大区（智利）这一极端地区如何完成职业适应过程，并确定有助于成功职业适应和健康的因素。这是一项定性研究，采用现象学解释方法。通过深入访谈的方式，对 16 名幸福感水平较高或较低的老年人进行了研究，幸福感的评估采用了 Ryff 量表。采用 Elo 和 Kyngäs 的归纳内容分析法进行分析。韧性、自尊和与重要他人的相互依存关系是促进幸福感的关键因素。参与者制定策略来最小化环境因素的影响。职业在社交、时间利用和社会参与方面的功能被揭示为职业适应的一个制约因素。为实现成功的职业适应过程，必须考虑到对有意义活动的投入，这是对老年人进行干预的关键。
