Pisciotta Alessandra, Bertoni Laura, Vallarola Antonio, Bertani Giulia, Mecugni Daniela, Carnevale Gianluca
Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Neural Regen Res. 2020 Mar;15(3):373-381. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.266043.
The peripheral nerve injuries, representing some of the most common types of traumatic lesions affecting the nervous system, are highly invalidating for the patients besides being a huge social burden. Although peripheral nervous system owns a higher regenerative capacity than does central nervous system, mostly depending on Schwann cells intervention in injury repair, several factors determine the extent of functional outcome after healing. Based on the injury type, different therapeutic approaches have been investigated so far. Nerve grafting and Schwann cell transplantation have represented the gold standard treatment for peripheral nerve injuries, however these approaches own limitations, such as scarce donor nerve availability and donor site morbidity. Cell based therapies might provide a suitable tool for peripheral nerve regeneration, in fact, the ability of different stem cell types to differentiate towards Schwann cells in combination with the use of different scaffolds have been widely investigated in animal models of peripheral nerve injuries in the last decade. Dental pulp is a promising cell source for regenerative medicine, because of the ease of isolation procedures, stem cell proliferation and multipotency abilities, which are due to the embryological origin from neural crest. In this article we review the literature concerning the application of tooth derived stem cell populations combined with different conduits to peripheral nerve injuries animal models, highlighting their regenerative contribution exerted through either glial differentiation and neuroprotective/neurotrophic effects on the host tissue.
周围神经损伤是影响神经系统的一些最常见的创伤性病变类型，除了给社会带来巨大负担外，还会使患者严重致残。尽管周围神经系统的再生能力比中枢神经系统更强，这主要取决于施万细胞在损伤修复中的干预作用，但有几个因素决定了愈合后功能恢复的程度。基于损伤类型，目前已经研究了不同的治疗方法。神经移植和施万细胞移植一直是周围神经损伤的金标准治疗方法，然而这些方法存在局限性，如供体神经来源稀缺和供体部位发病风险。基于细胞的疗法可能为周围神经再生提供一种合适的工具，事实上，在过去十年中，不同类型干细胞向施万细胞分化的能力以及不同支架的使用，已在周围神经损伤动物模型中得到广泛研究。牙髓是再生医学中一种很有前景的细胞来源，这是因为其分离程序简便、干细胞增殖能力和多能性，这些特性源于其神经嵴的胚胎学起源。在本文中，我们回顾了有关将牙源性干细胞群体与不同导管应用于周围神经损伤动物模型的文献，强调了它们通过胶质细胞分化以及对宿主组织的神经保护/神经营养作用所发挥的再生贡献。
