Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Age Ageing. 2019 Nov 1;48(6):789-796. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afz117.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: attitudes toward life and health are emerging as important psychological contributors to health heterogeneity in ageing. We aimed to explore whether different psychological factors were associated with the rate of chronic disease and disability accumulation over time.
population-based cohort study between 2001 and 2010.
Swedish National study on aging and care in Kungsholmen.
adults aged 60 and older (N = 2293).
linear mixed models were employed to study the association of life satisfaction, health outlook, resistance to illness, sickness orientation, and health worry with the rate of accumulation of chronic diseases and impaired basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Models were adjusted for demographic, clinical, social, personality and lifestyle factors. Analyses were repeated after excluding individuals with multimorbidity or disability at baseline.
high life satisfaction and positive health outlook were consistently associated with a lower rate of accumulation and progression of multimorbidity (β -0.064 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.116, -0.011; β -0.065 95% CI -0.121, -0.008, respectively) and disability (β -0.063 95% CI -0.098, -0.028; β -0.042 95% CI -0.079, -0.004, respectively) over time. This was true even for people without multimorbidity or disability at baseline and after adjusting for all covariates.
positive attitudes toward life in general and health in particular may be especially important in old age, when the cumulative effects of biological and environmental deficits lead to accelerated health decline. These findings should encourage researchers to use measures of psychological well-being to better understand the multifactorial and diverse process of ageing.
背景/目的：生活态度和健康观念是影响衰老过程中健康异质性的重要心理因素。本研究旨在探讨不同心理因素与慢性病和残疾随时间积累的速度是否相关。
2001 年至 2010 年期间进行的基于人群的队列研究。
瑞典 Kungsholmen 的国家老龄化和护理研究。
年龄在 60 岁及以上的成年人（N=2293）。
采用线性混合模型研究生活满意度、健康展望、对疾病的抵抗力、疾病取向和健康担忧与慢性病积累和基本及工具性日常生活活动受损速度的关系。模型调整了人口统计学、临床、社会、人格和生活方式因素。在排除基线时患有多种疾病或残疾的个体后，重复了分析。
高生活满意度和积极的健康展望与多种疾病（β=-0.064，95%置信区间[CI]：-0.116，-0.011；β=-0.065，95%CI：-0.121，-0.008）和残疾（β=-0.063，95%CI：-0.098，-0.028；β=-0.042，95%CI：-0.079，-0.004）随时间的积累和进展速度较慢相关。即使对于基线时没有多种疾病或残疾的人，以及在调整所有协变量后，这种相关性仍然存在。
对生活和健康的积极态度可能在老年时期尤为重要，因为生物和环境缺陷的累积效应会导致健康加速衰退。这些发现应鼓励研究人员使用心理健康测量来更好地理解衰老的多因素和多样化过程。
