Catani Marco
NatBrainLab, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2019;163:95-122. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-804281-6.00006-9.
Throughout evolution the frontal lobes have progressively acquired a central role in most aspects of cognition and behavior. In humans, frontal lobe functions are conditional on the development of an intricate set of short- and long-range connections that guarantee direct access to sensory information and control over regions dedicated to planning and motor execution. Here the frontal cortical anatomy and the major connections that constitute the local and extended frontal connectivity are reviewed in the context of diffusion tractography studies, contemporary models of frontal lobe functions, and clinical syndromes. A particular focus of this chapter is the use of comparative anatomy and neurodevelopmental data to address the question of how frontal networks evolved and what this signified for unique human abilities.
在整个进化过程中，额叶在认知和行为的大多数方面逐渐获得了核心作用。在人类中，额叶功能取决于一套复杂的短程和长程连接的发育，这些连接保证了对感觉信息的直接获取以及对负责计划和运动执行区域的控制。在此，我们结合扩散张量成像研究、当代额叶功能模型以及临床综合征，对额叶皮质解剖结构以及构成局部和扩展额叶连接性的主要连接进行综述。本章的一个特别重点是利用比较解剖学和神经发育数据来探讨额叶网络如何进化以及这对人类独特能力意味着什么的问题。
