Smith H J, Nuttall A
Cardiovasc Res. 1985 Apr;19(4):181-6. doi: 10.1093/cvr/19.4.181.
Experimental models of heart failure can be used to address specific questions not easily answered in patients, but no single model can reproduce exactly any of the clinical syndromes of heart failure since these are dominated by fatigue and breathlessness. Heart failure may be induced experimentally by pressure loading, volume loading, myocardial infarction, or by the creation of other disease states within the myocardium. Pressure loading may be especially useful in the study of ventricular hypertrophy, cellular derangements and vascular changes. Volume loading may be useful when examining the pathogenesis of hormone and electrolyte disturbances. Models of myocardial infarction or destruction are likely to be the most suitable for assessing novel therapy provided that peripheral reflexes are maintained. Experimental cardiomyopathy can provide an important means of identifying pathological subcellular mechanisms. They may be of use in the evaluation of vasodilator drugs but caution should be exercised in the study of inotropic agents. Any one model may be useful if it permits study of a single factor or variable in isolation or at a time when information is not obtainable from patients. For greatest clinical relevance, studies should be made in conscious animals with intact reflexes.
心力衰竭的实验模型可用于解决在患者中不易回答的特定问题，但没有单一模型能够精确重现任何一种心力衰竭的临床综合征，因为这些综合征主要表现为疲劳和呼吸困难。实验性心力衰竭可通过压力负荷、容量负荷、心肌梗死或在心肌内制造其他疾病状态来诱发。压力负荷在研究心室肥厚、细胞紊乱和血管变化方面可能特别有用。在检查激素和电解质紊乱的发病机制时，容量负荷可能有用。心肌梗死或破坏模型可能最适合评估新疗法，前提是维持外周反射。实验性心肌病可提供识别病理性亚细胞机制的重要手段。它们可能在评估血管扩张剂药物方面有用，但在研究正性肌力药物时应谨慎。如果任何一个模型能够单独研究单一因素或变量，或者在无法从患者获得信息时使用，那么它可能是有用的。为了获得最大的临床相关性，研究应在具有完整反射的清醒动物中进行。
