Hasenfuss G
Abteilung Kardiologie und Pneumologie, Universität Göttingen, Germany.
Cardiovasc Res. 1998 Jul;39(1):60-76. doi: 10.1016/s0008-6363(98)00110-2.
The progress made in our understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF) would not have been possible without a number of animal models of heart failure and hypertrophy, each one having unique advantages as well as disadvantages. The species and interventions used to create CHF depends on the scientific question as well as on factors such as ethical and economical considerations, accessibility and reproducibility or the model. How closely the model should mimic the human syndrome of CHF depends on the scientific question under investigation. If the goal is to study pathophysiological processes like remodeling or the function of subcellular systems such as excitation contraction-coupling processes, contractile protein function or energetics, the model of heart failure should mimic the clinical setting as closely as possible. However, if defined causal connections are under investigation such as structure-function analyses or regulation of gene expression, exact reflection of the clinical setting by the animal model may be less important. In this review, animal models of heart failure are discussed with particular focus on similarities between the animal model and the failing human heart regarding myocardial function as well as molecular and subcellular mechanisms. In addition, new models of heart failure and hypertrophy, and finally some recent animal models of myocarditis are reviewed.
如果没有多种心力衰竭和肥大的动物模型，我们在充血性心力衰竭（CHF）病理生理学和治疗方面取得的进展是不可能实现的，每种模型都有其独特的优缺点。用于创建CHF的物种和干预措施取决于科学问题以及伦理、经济考量、可及性、模型的可重复性等因素。该模型应在多大程度上模拟人类CHF综合征取决于所研究的科学问题。如果目标是研究诸如重塑等病理生理过程或亚细胞系统的功能，如兴奋收缩偶联过程、收缩蛋白功能或能量学，那么心力衰竭模型应尽可能紧密地模拟临床情况。然而，如果正在研究特定的因果关系，如结构-功能分析或基因表达调控，动物模型对临床情况的精确反映可能就没那么重要了。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论心力衰竭的动物模型，特别关注动物模型与衰竭人类心脏在心肌功能以及分子和亚细胞机制方面的相似性。此外，还将综述心力衰竭和肥大的新模型，最后介绍一些最近的心肌炎动物模型。
