Li Chunhua, Xie Zhiming, Wang Yanqing, Lu Wenjie, Yin Guifang, Sun Daowang, Ren Changzhong, Wang Lihua
Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology/Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2238 Beijing Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650205, China.
Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 17 Sanhe Road, Baicheng, Jilin, 137000, China.
Breed Sci. 2019 Sep;69(3):464-470. doi: 10.1270/jsbbs.18081. Epub 2019 Jun 27.
In order to solve the difficult problem of the outer shell covering in the processing of Tartary buckwheat, we conducted a genetic analysis in segregating F and F populations derived from a hybrid between 'Yunqiao No. 1' and 'Rice buckwheat', and the F population was used to analyze the phenotypic and genetic correlation among the traits. The results showed that the variety with a value of trait for seed shell thickness over 0.20 mm is a hard-shelled type (The thick shell type = seed shell rate > 20%), and that with a value of trait for seed shell thickness below 0.15 mm is a easily-shelled type (The thin shell type = seed shell rate < 20%), while that with a value of trait for seed shell thickness ranging from 0.15 mm to 0.20 mm is a hard-shelled type or easily-shelled type. In addition, alleles for traits of number of seed per plant and total seed weight per plant have larger dominance variance relative to their additive variance, indicating that genes controlling these traits have larger dominant effects, it is not suitable for the selection of single plant in offspring plants at the early stage of development, because these traits do not show up then. The alleles for traits of 1000 kernel weight and seed shell thickness have larger additive variance relative to their dominant variance, indicating that genes governing these traits have greater additive effects, with which the single plant can be selected in the progeny at the early stage of development. Although, the value of seed shell thickness has been shown to correlated positively with that of 1000 kernel weight, almost all the seeds of easily-shelled type are those with thin shell. However, ideal single plants with easily-shelled trait are those with intermediate phenotypes of seed shell thickness and 1000 kernel weight, by which the traits of large number of seeds per plant and total seed weight per plant could be selected. In the progeny population of this study, there were excellent single plants with high-yield and easily-shelled traits, of which the value of seed shell thickness was 0.17 mm (0.15 mm to 0.20 mm), the value of 1000 kernel weight was 14 g, the value of number of seeds per plant was 1137 and value of total seed weight per plant was 15.9 g. The results showed that taking the hybrid combinations of easily-shelled trait with the trait of seed shell thickness was the most effective selection indexes to breed the high-yield buckwheat varieties with the trait of easy shelling.
为了解决苦荞加工中外壳包覆的难题，我们对‘云荞1号’与‘米荞’杂交所得的分离F₂和F₃群体进行了遗传分析，并利用F₂群体分析了各性状间的表型和遗传相关性。结果表明，种子壳厚度性状值大于0.20mm的品种为硬壳型（厚壳型=种子壳率>20%），种子壳厚度性状值小于0.15mm的品种为易脱壳型（薄壳型=种子壳率<20%），而种子壳厚度性状值在0.15mm至0.20mm之间的品种为硬壳型或易脱壳型。此外，单株种子数和单株种子总重性状的等位基因相对于其加性方差具有较大的显性方差，表明控制这些性状的基因具有较大的显性效应，在发育早期的后代植株中不适合进行单株选择，因为这些性状在那时并未表现出来。千粒重和种子壳厚度性状的等位基因相对于其显性方差具有较大的加性方差，表明控制这些性状的基因具有较大的加性效应，利用此可在发育早期的后代中进行单株选择。虽然种子壳厚度值已被证明与千粒重值呈正相关，但几乎所有易脱壳型的种子都是薄壳种子。然而，具有易脱壳性状的理想单株是种子壳厚度和千粒重具有中间表型的植株，通过此可选择单株种子数多和单株种子总重的性状。在本研究的后代群体中，存在具有高产和易脱壳性状的优良单株，其中种子壳厚度值为0.17mm（0.15mm至0.20mm），千粒重值为14g，单株种子数为1137，单株种子总重为15.9g。结果表明，以易脱壳性状与种子壳厚度性状的杂交组合作为选择指标，是培育具有易脱壳性状的高产苦荞品种的最有效方法。
