California Department of State Hospitals, Clinical Operations, Office of Clinical Research and Program Implementation, Sacramento, California, USA.
New Hampshire Department of Corrections, Office of the Forensic Examiner, Centurion Managed Care, Concord, New Hampshire, USA.
CNS Spectr. 2020 Apr;25(2):122-127. doi: 10.1017/S1092852919001391. Epub 2019 Oct 10.
Criminalizing those with mental illness is a controversial topic with a long and complex history in the United States. The problem has traditionally been dichotomized between criminals (i.e., "bad") in need of placement in jails and prisons and the mentally ill (i.e., "mad") who are need of treatment in psychiatric facilities. Recent trends demonstrate significant increases in the rates of mental illness in jails and prisons, as well as increased rates of violence within psychiatric hospitals. This would suggest that there are a group of justice involved individuals who are "indistinguishable" within the traditional dichotomous categories of dangerousness and mental illness. The authors argue for a more nuanced model that dimensionally conceptualizes dangerousness and mental illness; increased attention to situational factors that create facilities appropriate for those who are dangerous and mentally ill and more diversion programs for those inappropriate for incarceration or hospitalization.
将精神疾病患者定罪是美国一个具有争议性且历史悠久的话题。这个问题传统上被分为罪犯（即“坏”）和需要在监狱中安置的精神病患者（即“疯”）以及需要在精神病院接受治疗的精神病患者。最近的趋势表明，监狱和监狱中的精神疾病发病率显著上升，精神病院的暴力事件也有所增加。这表明，在危险和精神疾病的传统二分法类别中，存在着一群“难以区分”的与司法有关的个人。作者主张采用更细致入微的模式，从多维角度来概念化危险和精神疾病；更多地关注造成设施适合危险和精神疾病患者的情境因素，以及为那些不适合监禁或住院治疗的人提供更多的转移方案。
