Department of Medical Sociology, Institute of the History, Philosophy and Ethics of Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2020 Feb;93(2):229-242. doi: 10.1007/s00420-019-01477-6. Epub 2019 Oct 10.
In the present investigation a psychosocial theory of sick leave is proposed which integrates work-related determinants, health effects of particular work characteristics, and workers' health status. In addition, the theory explicitly formulates a series of mediators and moderators of the associations between work-related determinants and sick leave. On the basis of the theoretical assumptions and previous research findings, a series of research hypotheses are investigated with survey data.
The study is based on data from the European Working Conditions Survey 2010 and 2015 (n = 59,790). The research hypotheses are investigated by means of generalised linear mixed models within the framework of hierarchical Bayesian regression models and Markov Chain algorithms. The theory is assessed by estimating three so-called hurdle models, which take into account the excess zeros usually observed in sick leave rates.
In general, the findings provide evidence of the adequacy of the theory explaining the observed variation of sick-leave rates. Several biomechanical and psychosocial characteristics of the working environment, occupation, age, and the subjective assessment of health status were found to be strongly associated with both the likelihood of being in sick leave and the length of sick-leave spells.
The theory and the findings of the present study may serve as a basis for the development and implementation of occupational health interventions aiming to reduce sick-leave rates in organisations.
本研究提出了一种将与工作相关的决定因素、特定工作特征对健康的影响以及工人健康状况综合起来的社会心理理论来解释旷工问题。此外，该理论还明确提出了一系列在与工作相关的决定因素与旷工之间的关系的中介因素和调节因素。基于理论假设和先前的研究结果，利用调查数据对一系列研究假设进行了检验。
本研究基于 2010 年和 2015 年欧洲工作条件调查（n=59790）的数据。通过广义线性混合模型在分层贝叶斯回归模型和马尔可夫链算法的框架内对研究假设进行了检验。该理论通过估计三个所谓的门槛模型进行评估，这些模型考虑到了旷工率中通常观察到的超额零值。
总的来说，这些发现为该理论解释旷工率的变化提供了充分的证据。研究发现，工作环境中的一些生物力学和社会心理特征、职业、年龄以及对健康状况的主观评估与旷工的可能性和旷工持续时间都有很强的关联。
本研究的理论和发现可以为旨在降低组织中旷工率的职业健康干预措施的制定和实施提供依据。
