Evans-Lacko S, Knapp M
Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, UK.
Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London, London, UK.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2016 Nov;51(11):1525-1537. doi: 10.1007/s00127-016-1278-4. Epub 2016 Sep 26.
Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Research suggests that by far, the greatest contributor to the overall economic impact of depression is loss in productivity; however, there is very little research on the costs of depression outside of Western high-income countries. Thus, this study examines the impact of depression on workplace productivity across eight diverse countries.
We estimated the extent and costs of depression-related absenteeism and presenteeism in the workplace across eight countries: Brazil, Canada, China, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, South Africa, and the USA. We also examined the individual, workplace, and societal factors associated with lower productivity.
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the impact of depression on workplace productivity across a diverse set of countries, in terms of both culture and GDP. Mean annual per person costs for absenteeism were lowest in South Korea at $181 and highest in Japan ($2674). Mean presenteeism costs per person were highest in the USA ($5524) and Brazil ($5788). Costs associated with presenteeism tended to be 5-10 times higher than those associated with absenteeism.
These findings suggest that the impact of depression in the workplace is considerable across all countries, both in absolute monetary terms and in relation to proportion of country GDP. Overall, depression is an issue deserving much greater attention, regardless of a country's economic development, national income or culture.
抑郁症是全球致残的主要原因。研究表明，到目前为止，抑郁症对整体经济影响的最大因素是生产力损失；然而，在西方高收入国家以外，对抑郁症成本的研究非常少。因此，本研究考察了抑郁症对八个不同国家职场生产力的影响。
我们估计了巴西、加拿大、中国、日本、韩国、墨西哥、南非和美国这八个国家职场中与抑郁症相关的旷工和出勤但生产力低下的程度及成本。我们还研究了与生产力较低相关的个人、职场和社会因素。
据我们所知，这是第一项从文化和国内生产总值两方面考察抑郁症对不同国家职场生产力影响的研究。韩国的人均年旷工成本最低，为181美元，日本最高（2674美元）。美国（5524美元）和巴西（5788美元）的人均出勤但生产力低下成本最高。与出勤但生产力低下相关的成本往往比旷工成本高5至10倍。
这些发现表明，无论从绝对货币价值还是相对于国家国内生产总值的比例来看，抑郁症对所有国家职场的影响都相当大。总体而言，抑郁症是一个值得更多关注的问题，无论一个国家的经济发展、国民收入或文化如何。
