Office of the Director, Economic Research and Support Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Int J Health Serv. 2020 Jan;50(1):82-94. doi: 10.1177/0020731419881336. Epub 2019 Oct 11.
Information on opioids obtained by workers is important for both health and safety. We examined the prevalence and total expenses of obtaining outpatient opioid prescriptions, along with associated sociodemographic, economic, and work characteristics, in national samples of U.S. workers. We used Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data (2007–2016) along with descriptive and multiple logistic regression. During the study period, an estimated 21 million workers (12.6%) aged 16 years or older obtained one or more outpatient opioid prescriptions, at an expense of $2.81 billion per year. Private health insurance covered half of the total opioid expenses for workers. The prevalence of obtaining opioid prescriptions was higher for women than for men, but men had higher opioid expenses. In addition, the prevalence of obtaining opioid prescriptions was higher for workers who were older; non-Hispanic white; divorced, separated, or widowed; and non-college-educated. There is an inverse relationship between family income and the likelihood of obtaining opioids. Compared to workers with private insurance, workers with public health insurance had higher expenses for opioid prescriptions. Finally, workers in occupations at higher risk for injury and illness – including construction and extraction; farming; service; and production, transportation, and material moving occupations – were more likely to obtain opioid prescriptions.
工人获取阿片类药物的信息对健康和安全都很重要。我们在美国工人的全国样本中检查了获得门诊阿片类药物处方的流行率和总费用，以及相关的社会人口学、经济和工作特征。我们使用了医疗支出面板调查数据（2007-2016 年）以及描述性和多元逻辑回归。在研究期间，估计有 2100 万 16 岁或以上的工人获得了一张或多张门诊阿片类药物处方，每年费用为 28.1 亿美元。私人健康保险覆盖了工人总阿片类药物费用的一半。与男性相比，女性获得阿片类药物处方的比例更高，但男性的阿片类药物支出更高。此外，获得阿片类药物处方的比例随着工人年龄的增长、非西班牙裔白人、离婚、分居或丧偶以及未受过大学教育而增加。家庭收入与获得阿片类药物的可能性呈反比关系。与拥有私人保险的工人相比，拥有公共健康保险的工人的阿片类药物处方费用更高。最后，在受伤和患病风险较高的职业的工人——包括建筑和采掘业、农业、服务业以及生产、运输和材料搬运职业——更有可能获得阿片类药物处方。
