GGZ Drenthe, Assen, The Netherlands.
University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2020 Mar;64(4):375-395. doi: 10.1177/0306624X19881918. Epub 2019 Oct 14.
The subject of this study is an integrative theory of the conscience. According to this theory, conscience is operationalised as a regulatory function of one's own behaviour and identity, resulting from an interplay of empathy, self-conscious emotions such as guilt and shame, and moral reasoning. This study aimed to evaluate conscience in an adult forensic psychiatric sample by assessing the underlying factors proposed by Schalkwijk. Offenders ( = 48) appeared to show less affective but not less cognitive empathy, less identification with others, less personal distress in seeing others' suffering, less shame and shame-proneness, and lower levels of moral reasoning than non-offenders ( = 50). In coping with self-conscious emotions, offenders used the same amount of externalising coping strategies, but fewer internalising coping strategies.
本研究的主题是一种整合的良心理论。根据这一理论，良心被操作化为对自己行为和身份的一种调节功能，源于同理心、内疚和羞耻等自我意识情绪以及道德推理的相互作用。本研究旨在通过评估 Schalkwijk 提出的潜在因素来评估成年法医精神病学样本中的良心。与非罪犯（=50）相比，罪犯（=48）表现出较少的情感同理心，但认知同理心没有减少，与他人的认同较少，看到他人受苦时的个人痛苦较少，羞耻感和易羞耻感较低，道德推理水平也较低。在应对自我意识情绪时，罪犯使用了相同数量的外化应对策略，但内化应对策略较少。
