Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2019 Nov-Dec;151-152:72-93. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.09.005. Epub 2019 Oct 15.
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been gaining prominence as delivery vehicles for modulating immune responses to improve treatments against cancer and autoimmune diseases, enhancing tissue regeneration capacity, and potentiating vaccination efficacy. Various engineering approaches have been extensively explored to control the NP physical and chemical properties including particle size, shape, surface charge, hydrophobicity, rigidity and surface targeting ligands to modulate immune responses. This review examines a specific set of physical and chemical characteristics of NPs that enable efficient delivery targeted to secondary lymphoid tissues, specifically the lymph nodes and immune cells. A critical analysis of the structure-property-function relationship will facilitate further efforts to engineer new NPs with unique functionalities, identify novel utilities, and improve the clinical translation of NP formulations for immunotherapy.
纳米颗粒（NPs）作为调节免疫反应的载体备受关注，可用于改善癌症和自身免疫性疾病的治疗效果、增强组织再生能力和提高疫苗效力。为了控制 NP 的物理和化学性质，包括粒径、形状、表面电荷、疏水性、刚性和表面靶向配体，以调节免疫反应，已经广泛探索了各种工程方法。本文综述了一组特定的 NPs 物理和化学特性，这些特性使 NPs 能够有效地递送到次级淋巴组织，特别是淋巴结和免疫细胞。对结构-性质-功能关系的批判性分析将有助于进一步努力设计具有独特功能的新型 NPs，发现新的用途，并改善 NP 制剂在免疫治疗中的临床转化。
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