Nag Okhil K, Delehanty James B
Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
Pharmaceutics. 2019 Oct 18;11(10):543. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100543.
Nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery (NMDD) for active targeting of diseases is a primary goal of nanomedicine. NPs have much to offer in overcoming the limitations of traditional drug delivery approaches, including off-target drug toxicity and the need for the administration of repetitive doses. In the last decade, one of the main foci in NMDD has been the realization of NP-mediated drug formulations for active targeted delivery to diseased tissues, with an emphasis on cellular and subcellular targeting. Advances on this front have included the intricate design of targeted NP-drug constructs to navigate through biological barriers, overcome multidrug resistance (MDR), decrease side effects, and improve overall drug efficacy. In this review, we survey advancements in NP-mediated drug targeting over the last five years, highlighting how various NP-drug constructs have been designed to achieve active targeted delivery and improved therapeutic outcomes for critical diseases including cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease. We conclude with a survey of the current clinical trial landscape for active targeted NP-drug delivery and how we envision this field will progress in the near future.
纳米颗粒（NP）介导的药物递送（NMDD）用于疾病的主动靶向是纳米医学的主要目标。纳米颗粒在克服传统药物递送方法的局限性方面有很大优势，包括脱靶药物毒性以及需要重复给药。在过去十年中，NMDD的主要重点之一是实现用于主动靶向递送至患病组织的NP介导的药物制剂，重点是细胞和亚细胞靶向。这方面的进展包括精心设计靶向NP-药物构建体，以穿过生物屏障、克服多药耐药性（MDR）、减少副作用并提高整体药物疗效。在本综述中，我们调查了过去五年中NP介导的药物靶向的进展，强调了各种NP-药物构建体是如何设计以实现主动靶向递送并改善包括癌症、类风湿性关节炎和阿尔茨海默病在内的关键疾病的治疗效果。我们最后调查了主动靶向NP-药物递送的当前临床试验情况以及我们对该领域在不久的将来将如何发展的展望。
