Choquechambi Luz A, Callisaya Iber Roy, Ramos Alvaro, Bosque Hugo, Mújica Angel, Jacobsen Sven-Erik, Sørensen Marten, Leidi Eduardo O
Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Ciudad Universitaria, Puno 51, Perú.
Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia.
Foods. 2019 Oct 23;8(11):526. doi: 10.3390/foods8110526.
All over the world, there are species which may be considered as neglected or underutilized despite their nutritious properties. At present, such crops contribute to food security in isolated areas by providing energy and nutrients in a diversified diet. Such genetic heritage-improved by ancient cultures-is under threat of losing biodiversity as well as the traditional knowledge associated with their cultivation and usage. Among these species, the Andean root and tuber crops (ARTCs) constitute a valuable resource which should be preserved and popularized because of their food and functional properties. We studied three ARTC species (mashua, arracacha, and yacon) to provide data on their composition, essential for increasing their use globally. We compared their nutritional values with the values of more widely used crops. Important differences in nutrient composition among ARTC landraces were found. Mineral nutrients showed significant differences among species. Considerable variations in the contents of prebiotics like fructooligosaccharides or functional elements (antioxidants and glucosinolates) were found among species and intraspecific samples. Certainly, these species are important assets to complement human nutrition and to secure supply of functional elements for healthy diets.
在世界各地，尽管有些物种具有营养特性，但仍可能被视为被忽视或未充分利用的物种。目前，这类作物通过在多样化饮食中提供能量和营养，为偏远地区的粮食安全做出了贡献。这种经古代文化改良的基因遗产，正面临着生物多样性丧失以及与其种植和使用相关的传统知识失传的威胁。在这些物种中，安第斯块根和块茎作物是一种宝贵的资源，因其食用和功能特性，应加以保护和推广。我们研究了三种安第斯块根和块茎作物（玛舒雅、阿拉卡查和亚贡），以提供其成分数据，这对于在全球范围内增加它们的使用至关重要。我们将它们的营养价值与更广泛使用的作物的价值进行了比较。发现安第斯块根和块茎作物地方品种之间的营养成分存在重要差异。矿物质营养在不同物种间表现出显著差异。在不同物种和种内样本中，发现低聚果糖等益生元或功能元素（抗氧化剂和硫代葡萄糖苷）的含量存在相当大的差异。当然，这些物种是补充人类营养和确保健康饮食中功能元素供应的重要资产。
