Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Arctic Ecology Department, Tromsø, Norway.
J Fish Biol. 2020 Feb;96(2):327-336. doi: 10.1111/jfb.14187. Epub 2019 Nov 19.
The year-round thermal habitat at sea for adult Atlantic salmon Salmo salar (n = 49) from northern Norway was investigated using archival tags over a 10 year study period. During their ocean feeding migration, the fish spent 90% of the time in waters with temperatures from 1.6-8.4°C. Daily mean temperatures ranged from -0.5 to 12.9°C, with daily temperature variation up to 9.6°C. Fish experienced the coldest water during winter (November-March) and the greatest thermal range during the first summer at sea (July-August). Trends in sea-surface temperatures influenced the thermal habitat of salmon during late summer and autumn (August-October), with fish experiencing warmer temperatures in warmer years. This pattern was absent during winter (November-March), when daily mean temperatures ranged from 3.4-5.0°C, in both colder and warmer years. The observations of a constant thermal habitat during winter in both warmer and colder years, may suggest that the ocean distribution of salmon is flexible and that individual migration routes could shift as a response to spatiotemporal alterations of favourable prey fields and ocean temperatures.
本研究利用 10 年的档案标签，调查了来自挪威北部的成年大西洋鲑（Salmo salar）（n = 49）全年的海洋热栖息地。在海洋觅食洄游期间，这些鱼类 90%的时间都生活在水温为 1.6-8.4°C 的水域中。日平均温度范围为-0.5 至 12.9°C，日温差高达 9.6°C。鱼类在冬季（11 月至 3 月）经历水温最低，在第一次海上夏季（7 月至 8 月）经历最大的温度变化范围。海洋表面温度的变化趋势影响了鲑鱼在夏末和秋季（8 月至 10 月）的热栖息地，在温暖年份，鲑鱼经历了更温暖的水温。这种模式在冬季（11 月至 3 月）不存在，在较冷和较暖的年份，日平均温度范围均为 3.4-5.0°C。在较暖或较冷的年份，鲑鱼在冬季都保持着稳定的热栖息地，这表明鲑鱼的海洋分布具有灵活性，个体洄游路线可能会随着有利猎物场和海洋温度的时空变化而发生变化。
