College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2020;60(19):3195-3213. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1680525. Epub 2019 Oct 29.
Microalgae are unicellular organisms that act as the crucial primary producers all over the world, typically found in marine and freshwater environments. Most of them can live photo-autotrophically, reproduce rapidly, and accumulate biomass in a short period efficiently. To adapt to the uninterrupted change of the environment, they evolve and differentiate continuously. As a result, some of them evolve special abilities such as toleration of extreme environment, generation of sophisticated structure to adapt to the environment, and avoid predators. Microalgae are believed to be promising bioreactors because of their high lipid and pigment contents. Genetic engineering technologies have given revolutions in the microalgal industry, which decoded the secrets of microalgal genes, express recombinant genes in microalgal genomes, and largely soar the accumulation of interested components in transgenic microalgae. However, owing to several obstructions, the industry of transgenic microalgae is still immature. Here, we provide an overview to emphasize the advantage and imperfection of the existing transgenic microalgal bioreactors.
微藻是单细胞生物，作为全球至关重要的初级生产者，通常存在于海洋和淡水环境中。它们大多数可以进行光合作用自养、快速繁殖，并在短时间内高效积累生物量。为了适应环境的持续不断变化，它们不断进化和分化。因此，其中一些进化出了特殊的能力，如耐受极端环境、生成复杂结构以适应环境和躲避捕食者。由于微藻含有丰富的脂质和色素，因此被认为是很有前途的生物反应器。基因工程技术在微藻产业中引发了革命，它揭示了微藻基因的秘密，在微藻基因组中表达重组基因，极大地提高了转基因微藻中感兴趣成分的积累。然而，由于存在一些障碍，转基因微藻产业仍不成熟。在这里，我们提供了一个概述，强调了现有转基因微藻生物反应器的优势和缺陷。
