Adhikari Aniruddha, Mondal Susmita, Darbar Soumendra, Kumar Pal Samir
Department of Chemical Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector 3, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700106, India.
Research & Development Division, Dey's Medical Stores (Mfg.) Ltd, 62, Bondel Road, Ballygunge, Kolkata 700019, India.
Biomol Concepts. 2019 Oct 29;10(1):160-174. doi: 10.1515/bmc-2019-0019.
Nanomedicine, the offspring born from the marriage of nanotechnology and medicine, has already brought momentous advances in the fight against a plethora of unmet diseases from cardiovascular and neurodegenerative to diabetes and cancer. Here, we review a conceptual framework that will provide a basic understanding about the molecular mechanism of action of a therapeutic nanomaterial inside biological milieu. In this review, we highlight how the catalytic nature of a transition metal oxide nanomaterial influences the cellular redox homeostasis, supports the cellular antioxidant defence system and reactivates the reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated signalling to perform normal cell functions like cell cycle, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, toxicity, and protein interactions. With numerous examples, we describe the redox modulatory nature of d-block metal oxide nanomaterials and their biomimetic nanozyme activities to protect the mitochondria, the cellular redox mediator which prevents an organism from various diseases. This knowledge will be useful to design new nanomaterials capable of intracellular redox modulation, which in turn can be effective therapeutic agents for treatment of various unmet diseases that are beyond the ability of modern synthetic medicine.
纳米医学是纳米技术与医学结合的产物，在对抗众多尚未得到有效治疗的疾病方面已经取得了重大进展，这些疾病涵盖心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病、糖尿病和癌症等。在此，我们回顾一个概念框架，该框架将提供对治疗性纳米材料在生物环境中的分子作用机制的基本理解。在本综述中，我们强调过渡金属氧化物纳米材料的催化性质如何影响细胞氧化还原稳态、支持细胞抗氧化防御系统以及重新激活活性氧（ROS）介导的信号传导，以执行正常的细胞功能，如细胞周期、分化、凋亡、炎症、毒性和蛋白质相互作用。通过大量实例，我们描述了d- 族金属氧化物纳米材料的氧化还原调节性质及其仿生纳米酶活性，以保护线粒体，即防止生物体患各种疾病的细胞氧化还原介质。这些知识将有助于设计能够进行细胞内氧化还原调节的新型纳米材料，进而成为治疗各种现代合成医学无法有效治疗的未满足疾病的有效治疗剂。
