Kim HuiSu, Kim Dong Wook, Cho Je-Yoel
1Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
2Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Korea.
Proteome Sci. 2019 Oct 29;17:5. doi: 10.1186/s12953-019-0154-z. eCollection 2019.
There have been many attempts to fully understand the mechanism of cancer behavior. Yet, how cancers develop and metastasize still remain elusive. Emerging concepts of cancer biology in recent years have focused on the communication of cancer with its microenvironment, since cancer cannot grow and live alone. Cancer needs to communicate with other cells for survival, and thus they secrete various messengers, including exosomes that contain many proteins, miRNAs, mRNAs, etc., for construction of the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, these intercellular communications between cancer and its microenvironment, including stromal cells or distant cells, can promote tumor growth, metastasis, and escape from immune surveillance. In this review, we summarized the role of proteins in the exosome as communicators between cancer and its microenvironment. Consequently, we present cancer specific exosome proteins and their unique roles in the interaction between cancer and its microenvironment. Clinically, these exosomes might provide useful biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic tools for cancer treatment.
人们曾多次尝试全面了解癌症行为的机制。然而，癌症如何发展和转移仍然难以捉摸。近年来，癌症生物学的新兴概念聚焦于癌症与其微环境之间的交流，因为癌症无法独自生长和存活。癌症需要与其他细胞进行交流以维持生存，因此它们会分泌各种信使分子，包括含有许多蛋白质、微小RNA、信使RNA等的外泌体，用于构建肿瘤微环境。此外，癌症与其微环境（包括基质细胞或远处细胞）之间的这些细胞间通讯可促进肿瘤生长、转移并逃避免疫监视。在本综述中，我们总结了外泌体中蛋白质作为癌症与其微环境之间通讯者的作用。因此，我们介绍了癌症特异性外泌体蛋白质及其在癌症与其微环境相互作用中的独特作用。临床上，这些外泌体可能为癌症诊断提供有用的生物标志物，并为癌症治疗提供治疗工具。
