文化调节感知义务与生物健康风险之间的联系：积极健康结果的文化独特途径的证据。
Culture moderates the link between perceived obligation and biological health risk: Evidence of culturally distinct pathways for positive health outcomes.
机构信息
Singapore Management University, Singapore.
Singapore Management University, Singapore.
出版信息
Soc Sci Med. 2020 Jan;244:112644. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112644. Epub 2019 Oct 28.
RATIONALE
Although perceived obligations to meet the expectations of family, friends, and society can be detrimental to physical health, much research in this area has thus far been conducted exclusively on Western samples. Cross-cultural research importantly suggests that positive health can be dependent on whether one engages in modes of being that are sanctioned by one's culture. Specifically, studies show that better health is predicted when people from cultures that value independence are able to exercise their personal autonomy and when people from cultures that value interdependence are able to maintain relational harmony (Kitayama et al., 2010).
OBJECTIVE
Based on these lines of research, as the fulfillment of perceived obligations can facilitate relational harmony but infringe on personal autonomy, we posit that culture will moderate the impact of perceived obligations on health outcomes. To gain further insight, we additionally examined people's goal disengagement tendency as an individual difference that may influence their likelihood of shunning perceived obligations in order to avoid associated stressors.
METHOD
Drawing from the parallel biomarker projects of Midlife in the United States and Midlife in Japan, we examined the interaction between perceived obligations and goal disengagement tendency on health among American and Japanese middle-aged adults. Health outcomes were indexed by biomarkers of inflammation (interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels) and cardiovascular risk (systolic blood pressure and total/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol).
RESULTS
We found that a higher tendency to disengage from stressful social obligations is associated with better health for Americans. In contrast, we found poorer health outcomes amongst Japanese participants who tend to disengage from their perceived obligations.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results highlight the importance of examining how perceived obligations influence physical health from a cultural perspective. The current study supports the hypothesis that culturally distinct pathways underlie health outcomes.
理由
尽管人们认为有义务满足家庭、朋友和社会的期望会对身体健康有害，但迄今为止，这方面的研究主要是在西方样本中进行的。跨文化研究重要地表明，积极的健康状况可能取决于一个人是否参与到其文化所认可的存在模式中。具体来说，研究表明，当来自重视独立性的文化的人能够行使个人自主权，以及当来自重视相互依存性的文化的人能够维持关系和谐时，他们的健康状况会更好（Kitayama 等人，2010 年）。
目的
基于这些研究线索，由于履行感知义务可以促进关系和谐，但会侵犯个人自主权，我们假设文化会调节感知义务对健康结果的影响。为了获得更深入的见解，我们还检查了人们的目标脱离倾向作为一种个体差异，这可能会影响他们避免感知义务的可能性，以避免相关的压力源。
方法
借鉴美国和日本中年研究的平行生物标志物项目，我们研究了感知义务和目标脱离倾向对美国和日本中年成年人健康的相互作用。健康结果通过炎症生物标志物（白细胞介素-6 和 C 反应蛋白水平）和心血管风险（收缩压和总/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇）来衡量。
结果
我们发现，美国人的社交义务压力大，目标脱离倾向越高，健康状况越好。相比之下，我们发现日本参与者的健康状况较差，他们倾向于脱离自己的感知义务。
结论
我们的研究结果强调了从文化角度研究感知义务如何影响身体健康的重要性。本研究支持了这样一种假设，即健康结果背后存在文化上不同的途径。
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