Fielding Gary A, Sarkar Naboneeta, Vahabzadeh Sahar, Bose Susmita
W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2920, USA.
J Funct Biomater. 2019 Nov 5;10(4):48. doi: 10.3390/jfb10040048.
Calcium phosphates (CaPs) are one of the most widely used synthetic materials for bone grafting applications in the orthopedic industry. Recent trends in synthetic bone graft applications have shifted towards the incorporation of metal trace elements that extend the performance of CaPs to have osteoinductive properties. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of silicon (Si) and zinc (Zn) dopants in highly porous tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds on late-stage osteoblast cell differentiation markers. In this study, an oil emulsion method is utilized to fabricate highly porous SiO doped β-TCP (Si-TCP) and ZnO doped β-TCP (Zn-TCP) scaffolds through the incorporation of 0.5 wt.% SiO and 0.25 wt.% ZnO, respectively, to the β-TCP scaffold. Reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is utilized to analyze the mRNA expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear kappa beta ligand (RANKL), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) at the later stage of osteoblast differentiation, day 21 and day 28. Results show that the addition of Si and Zn to the β-TCP structure inhibited the β to α-TCP phase transformation and enhance the density without affecting the dissolution properties. Normal BMP-2 and Runx2 transcriptions are observed in both Si-TCP and Zn-TCP scaffolds at the initial time point, as demonstrated by RT-qPCR. Moreover, the addition of both Si and Zn positively regulate the osteoprotegerin: receptor activator of nuclear factor - ligand (OPG:RANKL) ratio at 21-days for Si-TCP and Zn-TCP scaffolds. These results demonstrate the effects of Si and Zn doped porous β-TCP scaffolds on the upregulation of osteoblast marker gene expression including OPG, RANKL, BMP-2, and Runx2, indicating the role of trace elements on the effective regulation of late-stage osteoblast cell differentiation markers.
磷酸钙（CaPs）是骨科行业中骨移植应用最广泛的合成材料之一。合成骨移植应用的最新趋势已转向加入金属微量元素，以扩展CaPs的性能，使其具有骨诱导特性。本研究的目的是研究高孔隙率磷酸三钙（TCP）支架中硅（Si）和锌（Zn）掺杂剂对晚期成骨细胞分化标志物的影响。在本研究中，采用油乳液法，通过分别向β-TCP支架中加入0.5 wt.%的SiO和0.25 wt.%的ZnO，制备了高孔隙率SiO掺杂β-TCP（Si-TCP）和ZnO掺杂β-TCP（Zn-TCP）支架。利用逆转录定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）分析成骨细胞分化后期（第21天和第28天）骨保护素（OPG）、核因子κB受体激活剂配体（RANKL）、骨形态发生蛋白2（BMP2）和 runt相关转录因子2（Runx2）的mRNA表达。结果表明，向β-TCP结构中添加Si和Zn可抑制β向α-TCP的相变并提高密度，而不影响溶解性能。RT-qPCR结果表明，在初始时间点，Si-TCP和Zn-TCP支架中均观察到正常的BMP-2和Runx2转录。此外，Si和Zn的添加均能在21天时正向调节Si-TCP和Zn-TCP支架中骨保护素：核因子配体受体激活剂（OPG:RANKL）的比例。这些结果证明了Si和Zn掺杂的多孔β-TCP支架对成骨细胞标志物基因表达上调的影响，包括OPG、RANKL、BMP-2和Runx2，表明微量元素在有效调节晚期成骨细胞分化标志物中的作用。
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