Jin Uram, Park Soo Jin, Park Sang Myun
Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
Exp Neurobiol. 2019 Oct 31;28(5):554-567. doi: 10.5607/en.2019.28.5.554.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the aging population after Alzheimer's disease (AD). Defects in the lysosomal systems and mitochondria have been suspected to cause the pathogenesis of PD. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of PD remains obscure. Abnormal cholesterol metabolism is linked to numerous disorders, including atherosclerosis. The brain contains the highest level of cholesterol in the body and abnormal cholesterol metabolism links also many neurodegenerative disorders such as AD, PD, Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The blood brain barrier effectively prevents uptake of lipoprotein-bound cholesterol from blood circulation. Accordingly, cholesterol level in the brain is independent from that in peripheral tissues. Because cholesterol metabolism in both peripheral tissue and the brain are quite different, cholesterol metabolism associated with neurodegeneration should be examined separately from that in peripheral tissues. Here, we review and compare cholesterol metabolism in the brain and peripheral tissues. Furthermore, the relationship between alterations in cholesterol metabolism and PD pathogenesis is reviewed.
帕金森病（PD）是继阿尔茨海默病（AD）之后，老年人群中第二常见的进行性神经退行性疾病。溶酶体系统和线粒体的缺陷被怀疑是导致PD发病的原因。然而，PD的发病机制仍然不清楚。异常的胆固醇代谢与许多疾病有关，包括动脉粥样硬化。大脑是体内胆固醇含量最高的部位，异常的胆固醇代谢也与许多神经退行性疾病有关，如AD、PD、亨廷顿舞蹈症（HD）和肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）。血脑屏障有效地阻止了脂蛋白结合胆固醇从血液循环中摄取。因此，大脑中的胆固醇水平与外周组织中的胆固醇水平无关。由于外周组织和大脑中的胆固醇代谢有很大不同，与神经退行性变相关的胆固醇代谢应该与外周组织中的胆固醇代谢分开研究。在此，我们综述并比较大脑和外周组织中的胆固醇代谢。此外，还综述了胆固醇代谢改变与PD发病机制之间的关系。
