Asa'ad Farah, Monje Alberto, Larsson Lena
Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, ZMK School of Dentistry, Bern, Switzerland.
Eur J Oral Sci. 2019 Dec;127(6):477-493. doi: 10.1111/eos.12657. Epub 2019 Nov 7.
Periodontitis and peri-implantitis are multifactorial diseases characterized by alveolar bone destruction mediated by the host response to a microbial challenge. Alveolar bone resorption mediated by epigenetics could be one of the mechanisms responsible for this destruction of alveolar bone. The relationship between epigenetic modifications and bone metabolism has been thoroughly investigated in bone remodeling, cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis, but evidence is low regarding the relationship between epigenetic modifications and alveolar bone loss related to periodontal and peri-implant diseases. Therefore, we conducted a review of the pertinent literature based on a priori-formulated focused questions and a screening strategy, in an attempt to comprehend the role of different epigenetic mechanisms in alveolar bone loss and to determine the current state with respect to their possible therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine. The review showed that the roles of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs in bone loss have been investigated. The results indicate that epigenetic mechanisms can participate in periodontal and peri-implant alveolar bone breakdown, suggesting their potential as therapeutic targets in alveolar bone regeneration. However, there is still only preliminary information regarding the possible therapeutic utility of these epigenetic mechanisms, suggesting a need for basic and translational research to assess the potential of such mechanisms in promoting alveolar bone regeneration.
牙周炎和种植体周围炎是多因素疾病，其特征是宿主对微生物挑战的反应介导的牙槽骨破坏。由表观遗传学介导的牙槽骨吸收可能是导致这种牙槽骨破坏的机制之一。在骨重塑、癌症和类风湿性关节炎中，已经对表观遗传修饰与骨代谢之间的关系进行了深入研究，但关于表观遗传修饰与牙周和种植体周围疾病相关的牙槽骨丧失之间的关系，证据较少。因此，我们基于预先制定的重点问题和筛选策略对相关文献进行了综述，试图了解不同表观遗传机制在牙槽骨丧失中的作用，并确定它们在再生医学中可能的治疗应用方面的现状。综述表明，已经研究了DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和非编码RNA在骨质流失中的作用。结果表明，表观遗传机制可参与牙周和种植体周围牙槽骨破坏，提示它们作为牙槽骨再生治疗靶点的潜力。然而，关于这些表观遗传机制可能的治疗效用仍然只有初步信息，这表明需要进行基础和转化研究，以评估这些机制在促进牙槽骨再生方面的潜力。
