National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russian Federation; Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russian Federation; Research Institute of Threpsology and Healthy Longevity, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation.
Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russian Federation.
Chin J Nat Med. 2019 Oct;17(10):721-728. doi: 10.1016/S1875-5364(19)30088-3.
Garlic (Allium sativum) is a widely known medicinal plant, potential of which remains to be fully evaluated. Its wide-range beneficial effects appear to be relevant for treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis and related diseases. It is generally believed that garlic-based preparations are able to improve lipid profile in humans, inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis, suppress low density lipoprotein oxidation, modulate blood pressure, suppress platelet aggregation, lower plasma fibrinogen level and increase fibrinolytic activity, thus providing clinically relevant cardioprotective and anti-atherosclerotic effects. It is important to assess the level of evidence available for different protective effects of garlic and to understand the underlying mechanisms. This information will allow adequate integration of garlic-based preparations to clinical practice. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of anti-atherosclerotic effects of garlic preparations, focusing on antihyperlipidemic, hypotensive, anti-platelet and direct anti-atherosclerotic activities of the medicinal plant. We also provide an overview of available meta-analyses and a number of clinical trials that assess the beneficial effects of garlic.
大蒜（Allium sativum）是一种广为人知的药用植物，其潜力尚未得到充分评估。它具有广泛的有益作用，似乎与动脉粥样硬化和相关疾病的治疗和预防有关。人们普遍认为，大蒜制剂能够改善人体的血脂谱，抑制胆固醇的生物合成，抑制低密度脂蛋白的氧化，调节血压，抑制血小板聚集，降低血浆纤维蛋白原水平并增加纤维蛋白溶解活性，从而提供有临床意义的心脏保护和抗动脉粥样硬化作用。评估大蒜不同保护作用的证据水平并了解其潜在机制非常重要。这将有助于将大蒜制剂充分整合到临床实践中。在本文中，我们讨论了大蒜制剂的抗动脉粥样硬化作用机制，重点介绍了药用植物的抗高血脂、降血压、抗血小板和直接抗动脉粥样硬化作用。我们还概述了现有的荟萃分析和一些评估大蒜有益作用的临床试验。
