Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Trends Cogn Sci. 2019 Dec;23(12):989-1002. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2019.09.009. Epub 2019 Nov 6.
The standard systems consolidation account posits that recently formed memories are initially dependent on the hippocampus and only gradually become instantiated in neocortical networks over a period of weeks to years. However, recent animal and human research has identified rapid formation of cortical engrams at the time of learning that can support hippocampal-independent memories within hours or days. Conditions that promote rapid cortical learning include relatedness to prior knowledge, activation of knowledge in the service of action selection or active discovery, and repeated retrieval. Here, we propose that cortical hubs can support rapid learning through synchronous activation of sensorimotor representational cortices. Candidate neurobiological mechanisms include unmasking of latent synaptic connections and rapid synaptic remodeling driven by disinhibitory processes.
标准的系统整合账户假设，最近形成的记忆最初依赖于海马体，并且只有在数周或数年的时间内逐渐在新皮层网络中体现出来。然而，最近的动物和人类研究已经确定，在学习过程中可以迅速形成皮质记忆痕迹，从而在数小时或数天内支持海马体独立的记忆。促进快速皮质学习的条件包括与先前知识的相关性、知识在行动选择或主动发现中的激活，以及重复检索。在这里，我们提出皮质中枢可以通过感觉运动代表皮层的同步激活来支持快速学习。候选神经生物学机制包括潜在突触连接的揭示和由去抑制过程驱动的快速突触重塑。
