Chistiakov Dimitry A, Kashirskikh Dmitry A, Khotina Victoriya A, Grechko Andrey V, Orekhov Alexander N
Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia.
Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 109240 Moscow, Russia.
J Clin Med. 2019 Oct 27;8(11):1798. doi: 10.3390/jcm8111798.
Inflammation plays a key role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and can be caused by multiple agents, including increased concentration of circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Areas of the arterial wall affected by atherosclerosis are enriched with lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). Atherosclerotic plaques contain a variety of proinflammatory immune cells, such as macrophages, DCs, T cells, natural killer cells, neutrophils and others. Intracellular lipid accumulation in atherosclerotic plaque leads to formation of so-called foam cells, the cytoplasm of which is filled with lipid droplets. According to current understanding, these cells can also derive from the immune cells that engulf lipids by means of phagocytosis. Macrophages play a crucial role in the initial stages of atherogenesis by engulfing oxidized LDL (oxLDL) in the intima that leads to their transformation to foam cells. Dying macrophages inside the plaque form a necrotic core that further aggravates the lesion. Proinflammatory DCs prime differentiation of naïve T cells to proinflammatory Th1 and Th17 subsets. In this review, we discuss the roles of cell types of myeloid origin in atherosclerosis-associated inflammation.
炎症在动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展中起关键作用，可由多种因素引起，包括循环中低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇浓度升高。动脉粥样硬化所累及的动脉壁区域富含淋巴细胞和树突状细胞（DCs）。动脉粥样硬化斑块包含多种促炎免疫细胞，如巨噬细胞、DCs、T细胞、自然杀伤细胞、中性粒细胞等。动脉粥样硬化斑块中的细胞内脂质蓄积导致所谓泡沫细胞的形成，其细胞质充满脂滴。根据目前的认识，这些细胞也可来源于通过吞噬作用吞噬脂质的免疫细胞。巨噬细胞通过吞噬内膜中的氧化LDL（oxLDL）在动脉粥样硬化发生的初始阶段起关键作用，这会导致它们转变为泡沫细胞。斑块内死亡的巨噬细胞形成坏死核心，进一步加重病变。促炎DCs促使初始T细胞分化为促炎Th1和Th17亚群。在本综述中，我们讨论了髓系来源的细胞类型在动脉粥样硬化相关炎症中的作用。
